GLUMIFLOR^l. 295 



with awn. Ammophila (Psammci). A. arundinacea ; pales hairy 

 at base; perennial, stiff-leaved, glaucous sand-grass with creeping 

 rhizome. Aristida. Sporobolus. 



8. PHALAEIDEJE. Panicles and spike-like panicles. The spike- 

 let has in the upper part a single fertile flower ; below it are 

 placed 4 pales, of which the upper 1-2 sometimes support <- 

 flowers. On the whole, 6 floral-leaves of the first order are 

 present. Phalaris (P. canariensis, Canary-grass) has an ovate, 

 spike-like panicle, the spikelets are compressed, convex on the 

 outer side, concave on the inner. The large glumes are winged 

 on the back. Digraphis (D, arundinacea) is closely allied to 

 Phalaris, but the keel of the glumes is not winged. Anthoxanthum 

 (A. odoratum, Sweet-vernal) has a small, lanceolate, open, spike-like 

 panicle; the spikelets have below 2 barren flowers, and a.bove 

 these an ty -flower with 2 stamens. The upper glume is longer 

 than the flower. Hierochloa. 



g. CHLORIDES. The spikelets are arranged in the form of a spike in two 

 rows on one side of an often flatly-compressed axis; they are mostly 1-flowered. 

 Chloris ; Cteniuin ; Cyuodon; Eleusine ; Microchloa. 



10. PANICE/E. The spikelets are borne in panicles or spikes, which may be 

 arranged like fingers or in a raceme. There is a centrally-placed -flower ; 

 below it is sometimes a $ -flower. Panicum ; Paxpulum; Oplismenus ; Setaria 

 has an almost cylindrical spike-like panicle with i-everal barren branchlets, 

 which project as stiff, rough bristles. Cenchnts ; Pennisetum. 



11. HORDE M. Spikes compound ; spikelets sessile in the notches 

 of a toothed axis. 



A. Spikelets solitary. Triticum (Wheat, Fig. 287) has in each 

 tooth of the main axis, a several-flowered spikelet which turns its 



flat side towards the central axis. The cultivated species (true 

 Wheat) are 1-2- annual, the wild ones (T. repens, Couch, also as 

 an independent genus, Agropyrum) are perennial, with creeping 

 rhizome and lanceolate glumes. Lolium (Rye-grass) has in each 

 tooth of the main axis a many-flowered, compressed spikelet, 

 which is placed edgewise towards it and (with the exception of 

 L. perenne) has only one outwardly-turned glume (L. temulentum 

 has a rudiment of- the inwardly-turned lower glume) ; the terminal 

 spikelet has two glumes. Secale (Rye). A two-flowered spikelet 

 in each tooth ; small, lanceolate, acuminate glumes. Nardus and 

 Lepturus have very narrow spikes, the former with unilateral 

 spikelets. 



B. In each notch of the axis 2 or more spikelets are placed 



