300 



MONOCOTYLEDONES. 



ments ; flowers ^ or polygamous, rarely dioecious, with 3 separate 

 or only slightly united carpels, all of which are sometimes 

 developed into fruits (berry or drupe, with thin stone). 

 Chamcerops, the Dwarf-palm. The pericarp is externally fleshy, 

 internally more fibrous, and provided with a membranous inner 

 layer. The endosperm is ruminate (that is, the testa is several 

 times deeply folded into the endosperm). Sdbal, Copernicia, 

 Livistona (Fig. 298), Thrinax, Corypha, Brahea, and others. 



^ IG. 299. A Longitudinal section of a Cocoannt (diminished), the inner layer only (the 

 stone,) not being divided B End view of the stone, showing the sutures for the 3 carpels 

 (a), and the 3 germ-pores ; the embryo emerges from the lowest one when germination 

 begins. C Germinating ; inside the stone is seen the hollow endosperm and the enlarging 

 cotyledon. 



3. COCOIJSIE^E. With pinnate leaves. Monoecious inflorescence. 

 The carpels are united into a 3-loo.ular ovary. The fruit is most 

 frequently 1-locular, only 1 of the loculi becoming developed, 

 rarely 3-locular ; it is a drupe with a large, fibrous, external layer 

 (mesocarp) and most frequently a very hard inner layer (endocarp, 

 stone) which has 3 germ-pores, the 2 of .these, however, which 

 correspond to the suppressed loculi are closed; internal to the 

 third lies the small embryo (Fig. 299). Endosperm containing 



