GYNANDR^!. 



331 



3. NEOTTIE.. The majority are terrestrial Orchids with creep- 

 ing, sympodial rhizomes ; the blades of the leaves are not de-. 

 tached from the stem at joints, and have convolute vernation. 

 The anthers do not drop off, but persist in the withered con- 

 dition ; their apex, is brought in contact with the rostellum (acro- 

 tonous Orchids). The pollen-grains are united in tetrads, which, 

 however, often hang loosely together in pollinia, attached to a. 

 sticky part of the rostellum (" adhesive disc "), so that they 

 adhere to the insects, and are by them transferred to the stigmas. 

 Spiranthes. Listera ; Neottia. N. nidus-avis (Bird's-nest) is brown (it has 

 little chlorophyll) in colour, has no foliage-leaves, and lives mainly as a sapro- 

 phyte ; the rhizome is studded with unbranched, fleshy roots which may form 

 buds at their extremities. Vanilla climbs by aerial roots. The fruit 



FIG. 320. A Flower* of OrcTu's maculata (front view): a stamen; b the cup; n the 

 stigmas; x staminodes; sp the spur; spe the entrance to it; sm--sl-sl exterior perianth- 

 leaves; pm the labellum, and pl-pl the other 2 interior perianth-leaves. B-E Orchismascula : 

 B lateral view of the column ; C a pollinium with massula? (p), caudicle (c) and adhesive 

 disc (d) ; D caudicles with the cup (V), front view; the latter is depressed so that the 

 adhesive disc is seen lying inside it ; JB a pollinium, more highly magnified ; some massuise 

 are removed. F Ophrys aranifera: rostellum and the base of the anther-loculus ; an 

 adhesive disc is seen on the right. 



is fleshy and hardly opens, or does so irregularly,- Epipactis, 

 Cephalanthera. Epipogon and Limodorum are saprophytes without 

 chlorophyll. 



4. OPHRYDE^E. Anthers 2-locular, not falling off,, on a very 

 short column. The anther is united at its base with the rostellum 

 (basitonous Orchids, Fig. 320 A, J5), while in all other Orchids it is 

 connected at the apex (acrotonous Orchids). The pollen-grains in 

 each loculus are united into small " masses " (massulae), each ofr 



