JUGIANDIFLOR^. 



349 



its bark being very largely developed and stripped for cork. Gall-nuts are found 

 on many species ; those of Q. lusitanica, var, infectoria (Eastern Mediterranean) 

 are officinal, and likewise the fruits (acorns) and the bark of Quercus pedunca- 

 lata and sessiliflora. Oil is obtained from the Beech " mast." The nuts of the 

 Chestnut tree are edible. 



Family 4. Juglandiflorse. 



This family resembles the Querciflorae in the catkin-like inflores- 

 cences, the imperfect, unisexual flowers, the epigynous perianth 

 and the woody shoots with scattered leaves, etc., though it is in 

 other respects very dissimilar ; one point of difference is the presence 

 of aromatic compounds, but a more imporant divergence is found 

 in the structure of the gynoeceum, which is formed of two carpels 

 with one loculus and has one basal, orthotropous and erect ovule, 



Fio. 337. Juglans regia: A -flower seen from below with bract (cover-scale) (b), 

 bracteoles (a and /3), perianth-leaves (p) ; B the same from the front ; C lateral view of the 

 same ; D diagram of A ; E $ -flower with bract, the bracteoles are united with the ovary, 

 their edge being visible as an indented line below the perianth ; F 2 ? -flowers at the end of 

 a foliage-shoot; G fruit (without the fleshy covering,) in longitudinal section; H trans- 

 verse section of the same. % 



which, as in the Quercifloree, does not become developed until 

 after pollination ; the fruit too is very different, being generally a 

 drupe. Endosperm absent. 



Order 1. Juglandaceae (Walnuts). Leaves scattered, impari- 

 pinnate, rich in aromatic compounds. Stipules absent. Flowers uni- 

 sexual. Monoecious. The ^-catkins are lateral, generally on naked 

 branches of the previous year, cylindrical, pendulous, many-flowered; 

 the two bracteoles and the 2-4-leaved perianth of the $ -flower unite 

 with the subtending bract ; the -flower has indefinite stamens 

 . (6-20 in Juglans, Fig. 337 A-D). The $ -catkins are terminal, gene- 

 rally on branches of the same year, few-flowered (Fig. 337 F) ; the 



