

RHCEADINJE. 395 



of the Cruciferse in having two barren valves, which are detached 

 from the base upwards, and a seed-bearing frame, but there is no 

 partition wall formed between the placentae. Oh. majus.ThQ 

 majority of the other genera have, like Chelidonium, 2 carpels (lateral and alter- 

 nating with the sepals: Fig. 391 A) and siliqua-like fruit, thus : Eschscholtzia 

 (perigynous) with a linear, stigma-bearing prolongation extending as far above 

 the placentae as above the dorsal suture of the carpels ; Glaucium (Horn-Poppy) ; 

 G. luteum, whose extremely long, thin capsule differs from that of Chelidonium 

 by the formation, during ripening, of a thick, spongy (false) replum, which 

 persists when the valves are detached ; Sanguinaria with red latex, the 2 petals 

 divided into 8-12 small petals (perhaps by dedoublement) ; Macleya and 

 Bocconia (1- seeded capsule) with 2 sepals and no petals. Trimerous flowers 

 are found in Argemone and Platystemon (with a curious fruit, carpels free, and 

 transversely divided and constricted into joints which separate as nut-like por- 

 tions). Meconopsis. Hypecoum (Fig. 393 C) has tri-lobed and three cleft petals, 

 4 free stamens with 4-locular anthers and a jointed siliqua; it presents a tran- 

 sitional form to the Fumariaceae, with which order it is sometimes included. 



POLLINATION. Paparer and Chelidonium have no honey, and are without, 

 doubt only visited by insects for the sake of the pollen. The anthers and 

 stigmas mature about the same time. There are 80 species ; especially from 

 warm climates. OFFICINAL : Papaver somniferum (Opium-Poppy) ; the latex 

 of its unripe capsules is obtained by incisions, and dried (opium) ; it contains 

 many alkaloids: morphine, papa verine, narcotine, thebaine, etc. The oleaginous 

 seeds are also used in the manufacture of oil. Its home is in the East, where 

 it is extensively cultivated. The petals of the Corn-poppy (P. rhceas) are also 

 officinal. Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants. 



Order 2. Fumariacse (Fumitories). This order differs from 

 the closely allied Papaveraceae in the absence of latex, a poorer 

 flower, generally transversely zygomorphic (Fig. 393 B), in which 

 case one or both of the outer lateral petals are gibbous, or pro- 

 longed into a spur ; the stamens are especially anomalous. Sepals 

 2, caducous ; petals 2 + 2 ; stamens 2, tripartite ; each lateral anther 

 is bilocular (Figs. 393 A, B ; 395) ; gynceceum bicarpellate. 

 The fruit is a nut or siliqua-like capsule. Endosperm. Herbs with 

 scattered, repeatedly pinnately-divided leaves without stipules, 

 generally quite glabrous and glaucous ; the flowers are arranged 

 in racemes with subtending bracts, but the bracteoles are some- 

 times suppressed. 



Dicentra (syn. Dielytra) and Adlumia have a doubly symmet- 

 rical flower, with a spur or gibbous swelling at the base of 

 each of the laterally-placed petals (Figs. 393 A, 394). Corydalia 

 has a zygomorphic flower, only one of the lateral petals having a 

 spur, and consequently there is only one nectary at the base of the 

 bundle of stamens, which stands right in front of the spur (Fig. 



