404 



PICOTYLEDONES. 



[The systematic division of this order given above is founded upon that of 

 A. P. de Candolle. Prantl (Engler and Prantl, Nat. Fam.), 1891, adopts a some- 

 what different system, which may briefly be summarised as follows : 



A. Hairs unbranched or absent; no glandular hairs. 



1. THELYPODIE^E. Stigma equally developed on all sides ; style undivided 



or prolonged above the middle of the carpels, or turned back. 

 Stanley-itue ; Heliophilince. 



2. SINAPE^E. Stigma strongly developed above the placenta ; style beaked 



or two-lobed. 



a. Cotyledons arising behind the bend of the embryo. Lepidiince. 



b. Cotyledons arising at the bend of the embryo. 



a. Only lateral nectaries. Generally a silicula or indehiscent 



fruit. Cochleariince. 

 /3. Generally a siliqua, more rarely a silicula or transversely- 



divided or indehiscent fruit. Nectaries generally lateral and 



median. Alliariince ; Sisymbriince ; Vellina; Brassicina ; 



Cardaminince. 



B. Hairs collectively or partially branched, very rarely entirely absent ; 

 glandular hairs are sometimes also present. 



1. SCHIZOPETALE^;. 



2. HESPERIDE^E. Stigma strongly developed above the placenta; style un- 



divided or prolonged above the placenta into shorter or longer lobes. 



a. Surface cells of the replum, not divided diagonally. Capsellince ; 

 Turritince; Erysimince ; AlyssiiKZ. 



b. Surface cells of the replum divided diagonally. Malcolmiinee ; 

 Hesperidince ; Morieandiince.] 



POLLINATION. Honey is secreted by the nectaries mentioned above ; but the 

 position of the stamens is not always the most favourable for pollination by 



insects (in these flowera the honey-seeking 

 insect must touch the anthers with one of its 

 sides and the stigma with the other), and 

 self-fertilisation is common. In some species 

 (Cardamine praiensis) the long stamens turn 

 their anthers outwards towards the small 

 ptamens, so that 3 anthers surround each of 

 the two large entrances to the nectaries. 



1200 species (180 genera), especially in 

 the cold and temperate parts of the Old 

 World (Europe, W. Asia). Many are ivceds 

 in this country, e.g. Wild Cabbage (Brassica 

 campestris), Charlock (Sinapis aru<jns/s),Wild 

 Badish (Raphanus raphaniatrum) and others. 

 The order is acrid and oleaginous. Oil is 

 obtained from many of the oil-containing 

 seeds, especially of the Rape (Bnmsica nupus), 

 Summer-Kape (the oil-yielding cultivated form 

 lhe ^-Cabbage) and Ca,ncl m a. Severa! 

 tion (Fig. 413). (Mag.) are pot-herbs or fodder plants, e.g. Cabbage 



413 - 



