405 



(Brasaica oleracea) with its numerous varieties : Cauliflower (var. botry tis ; the 

 entire inflorescence is abnormally branched and fleshy), Kohlrabi (var. gongy- 

 lodes, with swollen, tuberous stem), Kale, Ked-Cabbage, White-Cabbage, etc. ; 

 B. campestris, var. rapifera (Turnip) ; B. napus, var. rapifera (Swede) ; Rapha- 

 nus sativus (Radish from W. Asia), R. caudatus (long Radish) ; Nasturtium 

 officinale (Water Cress), Lepidium sativum (Garden Cress), and Barbarea prcecox 

 (Early Cress) ; Crambe maritima (Sea Kale). The seeds of the following are 

 especially used as spices : (the flour of) Melanosinapis (Black-mustard), and 

 Sinapis alba (White-mustard), which are officinal like the root of Cochlearia 

 armoracia (Horse-radish, E. Eur). The herbaceous parts of Coclilearia officinalis 

 and danica are medicinal. A blue dye (woad) is extracted from Isatis. Orna- 

 mental plants: Cheiranthus cheiri (Wallflower), Matthiola (Stock), Iberis, 

 Hesperi*, Limaria, and others (especially from S. Eur.). Sweet-scented flowers 

 are rare. 



FIG. 414. Gynandropsis FIG. 415. Cappavis spinosa. 



pentaphylla. 



Order 4. Capparidaceae (Capers). The relationship with the Cruciferae 

 is so close that certain forms are with difficulty distinguished from them. The 

 diagram of the flower is the same in the number and position of its parts, but 

 it differs in the modifications which occur in the development of the stamens. 

 In some genera all 4 stamens are undivided ; in others both the 2 median ones 

 are divided as in the Cruciferas (6 stamens, but not tetradynamous) (Fig. 414) ; 

 in other genera only 1 of these ; in other instances again they are divided into 

 more than 2 ; and finally the 2 lateral ones also may be found divided, so that 

 indefinite stamens occur (Fig. 415). The bi-carpellate gyno3ceum is unilocular 

 (without roplum), but more than 2 carpels may occur. The ovary is elevated 



