AESCULIN^:. 439 



excelsa yields Jamaica Quassia; the bark of Simaruba, Simaba-species and 

 others is used. AOanthw glandulosa is a garden plant (pinnate leaves, winged 

 fruit). 110 species. Tropical. 



Order 7. Ochnacese. Flowers diplostemonous, 5-merous. The unilocular 

 ovaries, which are individually free, project considerably into the air around the 

 gynobasic style ; 1 ovule in each loculus ; the fruitlets are drupes. Shrubs ; 

 leaves alternate, with stipules. Ochna ; Ouratea. 160 species; tropical; 

 especially American. 



Order 8. Anacardiaceae. The ovary rarely contains more than 1 ovule, 

 even though there be several loculi and several carpels ; in Anacardinm all the 

 10 stamens except one become suppressed. Eesin passages. Anacardium. The 

 most peculiar feature is the development of the flower-stalk into a fleshy body 

 about the form and size of a pear (A. occidental from Trop. Am. and A. 

 orientate from E. Ind.) which bears the kidney-shaped nut (the so-called 

 " Cashew-nut ") on its apex. Mangifera indl-a (the Mango-tree, from E. 

 lad.) is cultivated in several tropical countries on account of its delicious 

 drupe. Similarly, species of Spmdias (S. dulcis, Pacific Islands, S. luted). 

 Several species of Ehus are ornamental shrubs in this country, for instance, 

 R. typhina (N. Am.), R. c-ttinus (the Wig-tree, the barren flower-stalks of the 

 panicles being feather-like and hairy) ; R. toxicodendron (Poisonous Sumach, from 

 N. Am.) is poisonous. Chinese galls are produced by the sting of a leaf-louse 

 (Aphis chinensis) on R. semialata (China), and Japanese wax is from the the 

 seeds of R. succedanea (Japan). Considerable quantities of Sumach (R. coriaria) 

 are used in tanning and as a black dye. OFFICINAL: the mastic resin of 

 Pistacia lentiscus (the Mastic-tree, from the Mediterranean). The fruits of 

 Pistacia vera (Syria) are edible ; P. terebinthus and others yield turpentine. 

 450 species ; tropical. 



Order 9. Icacinaceae. Flowers 4-5-merous ; haplostemonous ; receptacle 

 convex or cup-like surrounding the gynoeceum ; in the (single) loculus of the 

 ovary, 2 anatropous, pendulous ovules. 200 species ; tropical. 



Family 16. Aesculinae. 



The essential characters of this family are in the main the 

 same as those of the Terebinthinae and Gruinales. The flowers are 

 hypogynous, perfect, with free petals, 5-merous (S5, Po, typically 

 A5 + 5, all of which, however, are not generally developed ; in our 

 native orders there are only 7-8 stamens), and most frequently 

 a 3-merous, 3-locular gynoeceum (less frequently 2 or 5 carpels with 

 as many loculi). In each loculus there are usually only 1-2 

 ovules. A deviation from the preceding families is the frequent 

 zygomorphy of the flower, with, as a rule an oblique plane of 

 symmetry (Fig. 471). When a disc is developed it is placed 

 outside the stamens. The majority have no endosperm (Fig. 473). 

 The members of the family are nearly all trees. 



The family is closely allied to the Terebinthinae, but unlike this it never has 



