FRANGULINJB. 



44,5 



stamens slightly adnate to the corolla ; the ovary is generally 

 almost spherical with a thick, sessile stigma (Fig. 477). This 

 order deviates especially from Celastraceze in the absence of the 

 disc and in having only 1 (pendulous) ovule in each of the 4 

 loculi of the ovary, and in having a drupe with generally 4 stones. 

 Embryo extremely small, at the apex of .the large endosperm, with 

 the radicle directed upwards. 3 genera. Z". aquifolium (Holly) principally 

 on the coasts of European countries : from Norway to W. Denmark, and further 

 westward. It is a common garden shrub with stiff, shining leaves and red fruits. 

 Several South American species contain so much caffeine that they may be used 

 as a beverage in the place of tea (I. paraguayensis, Paraguay tea, or Mate). 

 The Holly does not contain caffeine. 



Order 4. Ampelidacese (Vines). Shrubs with the stem 

 swollen at the insertion of the petioles and climbing by tendrils 

 borne opposite the leaves (Figs. 478, 479). The leaves are scattered 

 (generally J), stalked, stipulate, frequently palminerved and lobed, 

 divided or compound. The small, greenish flowers are generally 

 borne in paniculate inflorescences, ivhose position is the same as that 

 of the tendrils (Fig. 478) ; they are hypogynous or slightly peri- 

 gynous, 5, with 4-5 sepals, petals, stamens (which, as in the 

 Ehamneae, are opposite the petals ; Fig. 480 A, B} and 2 carpels. The 

 calyx is very small, entire, or slightly dentate ; corolla valvate, and 

 in some falling off as a hood, since the individual parts remain 

 united at the summit (Fig. 480 A}. Between the stamens and 

 gynceceum is situated an hypogynous disc, with 5 lobes alternating 

 with the stamens (Fig. 480 A, B, E). In each loculus of the 

 2-locular ovary there are 2 erect ovules (E) ; .the style is short or 

 wanting. The fruit is a berry. The embryo is small and lies in 

 a horny, sometimes slightly folded (ruminate) endosperm (Fig. 

 480 0, D). 



Vitis and Ampelopsis (5-merous flowers) ; Cissus (4-merous flower) ; Leea 

 (without stipules, corolla gamopetalous). The inflorescence in Pterisanthes 

 (E. Ind.) has a peculiar, flat, leaf-like axis, on the edges of which <? -flowers 

 are borne, and on the surface $ -flowers. 



The TENDRILS in AmpelidaceaB are modified branches, since they bear leaves 

 and may be abnormally developed as branches with foliage-leaves, and Anally 

 the inflorescences are borne in the position of the tendrils, and tendrils ave met 

 with which are partly inflorescences. The explanation of the position Of the 

 tendril, namely, right opposite the foliage-leaf but without a subtending-leaf, 

 has been much disputed. The relative positions are as follows : in Vitis vinifera 

 the following two kinds of shoots and relative positions are found (the other 

 species deviate in one or other particular), (a) LONG-BKANCHES, which have 

 2 scale-leaves and a large number of foliage-leaves with a divergence of ^ ; 



