450 



DICOTYLEDONES. 



parts of the plant, causing them to assume a silvery or rusty-browii 

 appearance. Stipules are absent ; the leaves are simple, most fre- 

 quently scattered. Flowers (Figs. 484, 485) frequently unisexual. 

 The sepals are valvate, 2-4 ; the corolla is wanting ; stamens 4 + 4 or 

 + 4. The ovule is erect and the radicle turned downwards (Fig. 486). 

 The fruit is a nut, but becomes a false fruit, being surrounded by 

 the persistent receptacle or the lower part of it, and thus assuming 

 a berry- or drupe-like appearance (Fig. 486). Endosperm insig- 

 nificant. Shepherdia (opposite leaves) has 4 sepals, 4 + 4 stamens, 

 as in Daphne. Dioecious. Elseagnus (Silver-leaf) is ^ , has 4-6 

 sepals, and 4-6 stamens alternating with them. Hippophae is 

 dioecious; it has 2 sepals and 4 stamens in the ^-flower (perhaps 

 properly speaking 2 + 2 stamens) ; thorny (stem-structures). 



16 species ; especially ornamental shrubs, e.g. Elceagnus argentea, angusti- 

 folia ; Hippophae rhainnoidts and Shepherdia canadensis. Northern Temp. 



4S4. 485. 483. 



FIGS. 484-486. Elceagnu* angustijolia* 



FIG. 481. Floral diagram. FIG. 485. Longitudinal section through the flower. 

 FIG. 486. Longitudinal section through the fruit. 



Order 3 (?). Proteaceae. This order has its. chief centre in the dry regions- 

 of Australia (3%-^, of about 1,000 species), a smaller number in S. Africa (^-^K 

 a few species in S. Am. Trees or shrubs, leaves generally scattered, without 

 stipules, and more or less dry, leathery, evergreen, and often of very different 

 forms on the same plant (undivided, compound, etc.) The flowers are $ 

 (rarely unisexual), and 4-merous in the single, petaloid perianth and in the 

 staininal whorl ; 1 carpel ; sometimes zygomorphic. The perianth-leaves are 

 generally almost free, with valvate aestivation, often leathery. Small scales 

 alternating with the perianth are often found at the base of the ovary. The 

 stamens generally have extremely short filaments, and are situated opposite, 

 Bometimes quite on the tip of the perianth-leaves, in a spoon-like groove. The 

 gyno2ceum is 1-locular, has 1-several ovules, and is often raised on a stalk -like 

 internode. The fruit is a follicle or nut. The seeds, most frequently winged, 

 have no endosperm. Protea, Hanglesia, Hakea, Banksia, Grevillea, etc. 



