452 DICOTYLEDONES. 



many, small seeds without endosperm. Outside each carpel is 

 found a small, nectariferous scale (Fig. 487). The northern genus, 

 Rlwdiola, is dioecious. The petal-stamens are wanting in some (Crassula, 

 Bulliarda, and others). The floral-leaves are very often displaced upon their 

 axillary branches. A multitfarpellary gynreceum also occurs. 



Sedum (Stonecrop) is generally 5-merous with 10 stamens ; Sem- 

 pervlvum tectorum (House-leek), 12-merous, and with 24 stamens. 

 The leaves of JBryophyllum cahjcinum very readily form buds, and also fre- 

 quently exude water from the edges. 



485 species ; especially Temp. (Cape, Europe). Principally used as orna- 

 mental plants. 



Order 2. Saxifragaceae. The flowers are 4-5-merous with 

 (-3) carpels, most frequently: S5, P5, A5 + 5 (obdiplostemonous), 

 G2. They are regular, , polypetalous, hypogynous, perigynous 

 or most frequently more or less epigynous (Fig. 488) . The carpels 

 may be individually quite free, but are more frequently united at 

 the base, or the entire portion enclosing the ovules is united into a 

 1- or 2-locular ovary, the styles, however, are always free. Fruit 

 a capsule with many seeds ; endosperm present. They are herbs, 

 most frequently with scattered leaves without stipules ; but the 

 leaf-base is broad. The inflorescences are most frequently cymose, 

 and a displacement of the floral-leaves is frequent (e.g. Ghrysos- 

 plenium). Some Saxifraga-species, e.g. S. sarmentosa, have irregular flower 

 with an oblique plane of symmetry. The petal-stamens in some may be 

 wanting : Heuchera, species of Saxifraga and Mitella. The corolla is wanting 

 in others. 



Saxifraga (Saxifrage) : S5, P5, A5 + 5, G2 (Fig. 488) ; capsule 

 bilocular, opening along the ventral suture between the 2 per- 

 *v t<\ Q\ sistent styles. S. granulata has small 



tubers at the base of the stem. Cliry- 

 sosplenium (Golden Saxifrage) : 4 

 sepals, no corolla, 4 + 4 stamens ; 

 1-locular capsule. 



\ 



Protandry is most frequently found in 

 Saxifraga, with the stamens successively 

 bending towards the gynoeceurn; protogyny 

 is more rare. In other genera there is 

 Fm. 483.-So*;/raga granulata. Longi- protogyny wit hout any movement of the 

 tudinal section of flower. 



stamens ; Chrysosplemum is homoganmus. 



About 300 species; mostly in temperate climates. Saxifraga is especially 

 Alpine. S. crassifolia and other species, Hoteia japonica, Tellima, etc., are 

 ornamental plants. 



