468 DICOTYLEDONES. 



septa are present between the seeds ; the most internal layer is 

 parchment-like. Calyx 4-merous by the coalescence of 2 sepals. 

 Only 3 fertile stamens. Ceratonia siliqua (Carob-bean, Locusts) ; 

 the pod is long-, compressed, with thick sutures, and has a wall, 

 the central part of which is more or less leathery, fleshy and 

 sweet; there are transverse septa between the seeds, as in the 

 Tamarind. Embryo greenish in endosperm. The flower is without 

 a corolla, 5 stamens. Pterogyne (winged fruit), etc. KiUMiiiui^ 

 with Krameria is an anomalous group. 



DISTRIBUTION. 80 genera, with 740 species; almost exclusively in the Tropics. 

 The Carob-tree and Cercis grow in the Mediterranean basin. The largest and 

 most widely distributed genus is Cassia, which is found as trees, shrubs, and! 

 weeds iu all tropical countries. The order has many important uses to man- 

 kind. MEDICINAL : the leaves and pods of Cassia acutifoKa, and ang-uatifolicu 

 (officinal, Senna-leaves), the fruit-pulp of the Cassm-sub-gemis, Cathartocarpits. 

 Rhatany root from Krameria triandr<i (Peru, officinal). Balaam is extracted 

 from a number of Co/?ai/mi-species (Balsam of Copaiba) from S. Am. (offi- 

 cinal), and from Hymencea (Copal balsam), Tracliylobinm and others. Edible. 

 fruits are obtained especially from the Carob-tree (from the East) and the- 

 Tamarind (officinal). The heart-wood of several species of CcKsalpinia, such 

 as C. brasiliensis (the Pernambuco-tree), echm&Ui (Red-tree), and *api>((n t 

 yield dyes ; Hcematoxylon (H. campechianum, Logwood), Copaifera bracteata 

 (Amarant-tree). Timber is obtained from many (Melanoxylon and others). 

 In Europe they are of little importance as ornamental plants-, these being con- 

 fined principally to the species of Gleditscliia (G. tviaeantlta, from N. Am.) 

 and Cercis (the Judas-tree, C. siliqua strum, S. Eur.), which are cultivated in 

 gardens ; but in tropical gardens beautiful flowering species, e*g. of Cassia, 

 Poinciana, Broivnea, are found, and the most beautiful of all ornamental plants, 

 the Indian Ainherstia nobilis. 



Order 2. Papilionacese. The flower (Figs. 511, 512) is 

 strongly zygomorphic and somewhat perigynous (Fig. 512 B ; most 

 frequently more on one side than the other). The calyx is 

 gamosepalous and persistent. The polypetal- 

 ous corolla has descending imbricate asstiva- 

 tion, the posterior, large leaf, the standard 



(Fi s - 5n -^ ; 512 B '> e ^ coveri y in the bud 



rhe two lateral ones, the wing* (Figs. 511 v ; 

 512 B', a), which again cover the two an- 

 terior ; these are united in the form of 'a boat, 

 the keel (k and c) ; the wings and the two 

 FIG. 5ii. Diagram of petals of the keel are very unsym metrical. 



Paba vulgaris: f the rpj^ the keel ig f orme( J Q f two petals is 

 standard ; v the wings ; . .,.,.,, f 1N 



fc the keel. seen by its position (in front or one sepal) 



