MYETIFLOR^. 485 



following may be included here : Clarkia, Eucharidium (an (Enothera with 4 

 stamens and 3-lobed petals), Godetia and JBoisduvalia, Jussicea (dehiscence 

 septicidal), Isnardia (petal-stamens absent, sometimes the petals also). Lopezia 

 has a peculiar, zygomorphic flower (Fig. 521) ; one of the four sepals is bent for- 

 wards and the other 3 backwards ; the posterior petals are narrower than the 

 2 anterior ones which are turned obliquely backwards and bent like a knee, with 

 a greenish nectary at the bend; 2 stamens, one only fertile (the posterior), 

 while the anterior is barren, petaloid, and spoon-shaped ; both are sensitive, 

 which is essential for pollination. In Fig. 521, a represents an early stage, 

 in which the stamen and style lie concealed in the staminode ; 6 is the $ stage, 

 the stamen projects from the centre of the flower; c, the $ stage, the style 

 occupies the place of the stamen. 



B. Fruit a berry. Fuchsia generally has a coloured calyx 

 and tubular receptacle ; the corolla may be wanting. 



C. Fruit a nut. Girccea (Enchanter's Nightshade) has a 

 2-merous flower (S2, P2, A2 + [petal- stamens are wanting], G2). 

 The flowers are borne in racemes without bracts. Gaura. 



D. Fruit a drupe. Trapa (Horn-nut) ; a peculiar aquatic 

 plant ; the submerged stem has long internodes and lanceolate 

 leaves, falling off at an early period, but at each node are found 4 

 long roots with thin, lateral roots (sometimes erroneously regarded 

 as leaves) borne pinnately; the stem reaching the surf ace -of 

 the water, bears a rosette of rhombic foliage-leaves, with large, 

 inflated stalks containing air, and forming the floating apparatus 

 of the plants. In the axils of the leaves (as in Gunnera) 8 small, 

 stipular structures are present. The flowers are solitary in the axils 

 of the foliage-leaves (S4, P4, A4 + 0, G2), seravepigynous. There is- 

 an 8-lobed, crenate disc on the free portion of the ovary ; one ovule 

 in each loculus. The fruit is a drupe with 4 (or 2) prominent horns 

 (the persistent sepals), which after the pulp has decayed away bear a 

 series of hooks turned downwards on each side, i.e. sclerenchyma- 

 tous bundles which formerly lay concealed in the pulp of the sepals. 

 The germination is peculiar : one of the cotyledons is large, and its thick 

 extremity remains in the fruit, the other however is small and is pushed out at 

 the apex of the fruit together with the radicle and plumule ; the development of 

 the root soon ceases, and the plumule usually grows into a stem entirely without 

 branches, similar to the one described above, only that 1-2 precisely similar 

 shoots arise in the axil of each cotyledon, so that each embryo produces 3-5- 

 shoots. Trapa, by its mode of life, its 1-seeded fruit, etc., forms a transition to 

 Haloragidacece. 



The large- flowered forms are adapted for insect-pollination and are often- 

 protandrous, the small-flowered ones are homogainous and may pollinate 

 themselves. (Enothera is adapted for hawk-moths and bees. 330 species ; 

 especially in temperate climates, chiefly in the Northern Hemisphere. Epilo- 



