490 DICOTYLEDONES. 



and fruits of the Bayberry-tree (Pimento, acris, W. Ind.) ; Guava-rum from 

 the berries of Euyenia jloribitnda. Tannin is found in large quantities e.g. in 

 Punica. Gum is formed by many Australian Eucalypti (" Guni-trees "). 

 ORNAMENTAL PLANTS cultivated in this country are : Myrlus communis (Mediter- 

 ranean), several in conservatories, especially the Australian Leptospermeae, 

 Eucalyptse and others. 



Family 24. Umbelliflorse. 



The flower is regular, ^ , and completely epigynous, 5- or4-merous, 

 with 1 whorl of stamens and 52 carpels. Sepals very small, tooth- 

 like. The corolla is polypetalous, most frequently valvate in cestivation 

 (least pronounced in the Umbelliferous plants). Round the base of 

 the styles, which are generally free, there is an epigynous (undivided, 

 or divided) nectar-disc (" stylar-foot " : Figs. 5281?, C, D ; 539); 

 the number of loculi in the ovary equals that of the carpels ; only 

 1 pendulous (anatropous) ovule (Fig. 528 C) in each loculus. Endo- 

 sperm copious (Fig. 528 D). To this must be added that the 

 inflorescence in the majority of cases is an umbel or a capitulum, 

 especially in the Umbelliferas and Araliacess. Stipules are absent, 

 but most frequently the base of the petiole forms a large sheath. 



The Umbelliflorffi are on one side so closely allied to the Frangulinae, 

 especially Rhamnacese, that they may perhaps be regarded as the epigynous 

 continuation of this family. On the other hand, the similarities to the Eubi- 

 ales, especially those between Cornacese and Sambucese, are so great that there 

 is scarcely any character to distinguish them except the polypetalous corolla 

 of the former and the gamopetalous corolla of the latter. Whether this is 

 more than a merely analogous resemblance, and if not, whether the Cornacese 

 at least should not be included in the Rubiales, must be left in abeyance. The 

 sepals are very small, as is generally the case in epigynous flowers. 



Order 1. Cornaceae. The majority of the species are shrubs 

 with solid internodes, opposite (rarely scattered) leaves, which are 

 simple, entire (rarely incised), penninerved, without stipules or 

 large sheaths; flowers 4-merous (most frequently S4, P4, A4, G2), 

 borne in dichasia which are either collected into corymbs (e.g. 

 Cornus sanguinea), or in closely crowded umbels or capitula 

 (Cornus mas, C. suecica), in which latter case there is often a large, 

 leafy, or coloured, most frequently 4-leaved involucre round the 

 base of the inflorescence ; the style is undivided, with lobed stigma ; 

 the raphe of the ovule is turned outwards. The fruit is a berry or 

 .a drupe, with a 1-4-locular stone or 2 free stones. 



Cornus (Dog- wood, Cornel) has S4, P4, A4, G2. Leaves opposite. 



