BICORNES. 



507 



FIG. 514. Pyrola minor: A portions of a young flower; 

 B the stigma ; C portions of an older flower (longitudinal 

 section). 



only of an ellipsoidal, cellular mass, without cotyledons or differen- 

 tiation into plumule and radicle. 



Pyrola (Winter-green) is green, and has also large evergreen 

 foliage-leaves. The flowers, 5-merous, are most frequently borne 

 in racemes without a 

 terminal flower ; the J 



anthers are extrorse jjjr t \^ c 



in the bud with the 

 pores in the lower por- 

 tion (Fig. 544 A), but 

 they become inverted 

 at a later period, so 

 that the pores open 

 at the top (Fig. 544 C). 

 P. uni flora has a single, 

 terminal flower ; it winters 

 by its roots, producing 

 from these in the spring aerial, quite unbranched shoots. Chimaphila umbellata. 



Monotropa (Yellow Bird's-nest) is very pale yellow, without 

 chlorophyll, succulent, and has only scale-like leaves closely pressed 

 upon the stem ; it is a saprophyte. The raceme has a terminal 

 flower, and is pendulous before flowering. The anthers open by a 

 semicircular, transverse cleft. M. hypopitys reproduces chiefly by root- 

 shoots. 



About 30 species, especially N. Europe, N. America, and N. Asia. 



Order 2. Ericaceae. The flower (Fig. 545) is hypogynous, the 

 median sepal posterior; corolla, gamopetalous ; the stamens are 

 generally 2-horned, and the fruit is a capsule, less frequently a 

 berry or drupe. At the base of the ovary is a nectar-secreting 

 disc (Fig. 545 I>). This order comprises shrubs or undershrubs 

 (rarely small trees), which are evergreen, and as a rule have 

 densely crowded leaves. 



I. ERICE^;, HEATH GROUP. Flowers most frequently 4-merous 

 (S4, P4, A4 + 4, G4, united in a 4-locular gynoeceum), rarely 5- 

 merous. The withered corolla persists after flowering. The leaves 

 are most frequently acicular, opposite or verticillate; the buds are 

 without scales. The fruit is a capsule. Calluna (C. vnlgaris, 

 Ling) has a deeply 4-cleft corolla, which is less than the coloured 

 calyx ; capsule with septicidal dehiscerice. Erica (about 420 

 species ; E. tetralix, Cross-leaved Heath) has a tubular or bell- 

 shaped, 4-dentate corolla, which is much longer than the calyx. 

 Capsule with loculiciJal dehisccnce. Pentapera. 



