PERSONATE. 525 



style ; the corolla- tube is produced into a short pouch at the base on 

 the anterior side. The capsule is oblique and opens by 2-3 pores, 

 formed by small, dentate valves. In Linaria (Toad-flax) the 

 pouch is produced into a spur. Sometimes there are traces of 

 the posterior stamens. The capsule opens by large pores (one 

 for each loculus), produced by large, many-partite valves. L. 

 vulgaris reproduces by suckers. Liigitalis (Foxglove, Fig. 566) 

 has long racemes with drooping flowers ; the posterior sepal is 

 small (a step towards complete suppression, as in Veronica) ; the 

 corolla is obliquely campanulate, and generally nearly 4-lobed, the 

 two posterior petals coalescing. Alonsoa; Nemesia ; Chelone ; 

 Herpestis ; Mimulus ; Torenia; Vandellia ; Limosella (L. aquatica, 

 Mud- wort, native); Scoparia ; Capraria; Erinus (found on the 

 Roman Camp at Chesters, Northumberland, and supposed to have 

 been introduced from Spain by the Roman soldiers); Celsia (near 

 Verbascum); Maurandia ; LopJiospermum ; Rhodochiton ; Collinsia ; 

 Nycterinia, etc. 



c. 2-stamened. Gratiola (Water-hyssop). 5-partite calyx. 

 The upper lip of the corolla is undivided or slightly bifid; the 

 two anterior stamens are either en- 

 tirely absent or are reduced to stami- 

 nodes (a transition to Veronica). 

 Veronica (Speedwell), most frequently 

 4-partite calyx ; 4-lobed, rotate, zygo- 

 morphic corolla with 2 perfect stamens 

 and no trace of the others (Figs. 567, 

 562 c) ; capsule with loculicidal de- 

 hisfence. Calceolaria ; the corolla has 

 two slipper-like lips. 



2. RHINANTHBJE, YELLOW - RATTLE 



GROUP. Herbs, all of which (with the Fl& - 667.-riower of Veronica. 



exception of Lathrcea) are annual parasites with green foliage- 

 leaves. They attach themselves by haustoria to the roots of other 

 plants and draw nourishment from them. The majority turn 

 black when dried. Racemose inflorescences. In many the calyx 

 is 4-partite, the posterior sepal being absent, or very small. The 

 corolla is distinctly bilabiate (Fig. 568), with most frequently as- 

 cending (Estivation ; in the majority it does not become detached at 

 the base, but by means of a ring-like cut some distance up the tube ; 

 4 didynamous stamens ; pollen-grains dry, easily falling out ; the 

 anthers are often furnished at the base with bristles or hairs (Fig. 



