532 DICOTYLEDONES. 



The aestivation of the corolla is nearly always descending. In 

 Boraginacece and Cordiacece there are 5 stamens of equal length ; 

 in the other orders 4 didynamons ones, or only 2 fertile ; the 

 posterior stamen is sometimes developed as a staminode, sometimes 

 fertile (in Stilbacece). The ovary is formed of 2 median carpels 

 (except some Verlenacece) , with (1-) 2 ovules on each carpel ; in the 

 majority of the orders it is, however, divided by a false partition- 

 wall between the dorsal and ventral sutures, into 4 loculi, each of 

 which is often raised independently, causing the style to be 

 situated in the depression between the four lobes (" gynobasic " 

 style, Figs. 572, 573, 575, 579). The fruit in these orders most 

 frequently becomes a 4t-partite scliizocarp with nut-like fruitlets. 

 The other orders have a 1 (-2)-locular ovary. The leaves are 

 simple, without stipules. 



The family is related to (and proceeds from) the TuUjJorce, especially Convol- 

 vulacece, which has an almost similar construction of the ovary. It is doubtful 

 whether the Cordiacece and Boraginacece should be classed with the others. 



The orders are : 1, Cordiaceae ; 2, Boraginaceaa ; 3, Verbenaceae ; 4, Labiatae ; 

 5, Selagmaceae ; 6, Globulariaceae ; 7, Stilbaceaa. 



Order 1. Cordiaceae unites Convolvulacese and Boraginaceae. Tree-like 

 plants with 5- (4-10) merous flowers, doubly bifid style, and drupe with 4 or 

 less loculi. No endosperm ; cotyledons folded. 185 species ; tropical. 



Order 2. Boraginacese. The vegetative parts are very 

 characteristic : herbs with cylindrical stems and scattered, undivided, 

 nearly always sessile, entire leaves, without stipules, and generally, 

 together with the other green portions of the plant, covered with 

 stiff hairs, consequently rough and often even stinging (hence the 

 other name for the order Asperifolice) . The inflorescences are 

 unipared scorpioid cymes with the branches coiled spirally (" heli- 

 coid," Fig. 573) before the flowers open. The flower is perfect, 

 regular (obliquely zygomorphic in JEchium and Anchusa arvensis), 

 hypogynous, gamopetalous : S5, P5 (often with ligular out- 

 growths), A5, G2, but each of the two loculi of the ovary becomes 

 divided by a false partition- wall into two, each of which contains 

 one pendulous anatropous ovule with the micropyle turned up- 

 wards ; the four loculi arch upwards, so that the ovary becomes 

 4-lobed, and the style is then, as in the Boragece, placed at the 

 base ("gynobasic") between the four projections (Figs. 572, 573). 

 The fnrt is a 4s-partite scliizocarp with four nut-like fruitlets (Fig. 

 572y.-^Endosperm is wanting (except in Heliotropium). ; the radicle 

 is turned upwards. 



