NUCULIFERJE. 533 



The INFLORESCENCES are often double unipared scorpioid cymes ; the bud of the 

 second bracteole is developed, that of the first suppressed ; in some cases both the 

 bracteoles are suppressed (Myosotis, Omphalodes, etc.), but in other instances all 

 the first bracteoles (a) only are suppressed, and the others are then situated in two 

 rows towards the under side of the coiled axis, while the flowers are situated on 

 the upper side. Displacement of the branches or of the floral-leaves sometimes 

 takes place. The flowers are often red at first, and later on become blue or 

 violet ; they hardly ever have any smell. The fruit entirely resembles that of 

 the Labiates, but the radicle of the latter is turned downwards. The fruitlets 

 present small differences which have systematic importance ; they are hollow 

 or flat at the base, attached to a flat or columnar receptacle, etc. 



1. HELIOTROPIE^. This group deviates from the characteristics 

 mentioned above in the undivided ovary and terminal (" apical ") 

 style. In this, as well as in the fact that in some genera (Tourne- 

 fortia, Ehretia, etc.) the fruit is a drupe, it connects this order 

 with the Cordiaceas. Heliotropium, Tiaridium, and others have 

 schizocarps. 



2. BORAGES, BORAGE GROUP. Style gynobasic ; fruit a schizocarp. 

 A. The throat of the corolla is without ligules, or with very 



small ones. Pulmonaria (Lung- wort) ; funnel-shaped corolla; a 

 whorl of hairs in the corolla -throat. Echium ( Viper 's-bugloss) 

 has zygomorphic flowers, the plane of symmetry almost coinciding 

 with that of the very well-developed inflorescence (through the 

 fourth sepal) ; the corolla is obliquely funnel-shaped, the style 

 is more deeply cleft at the apex than in the others; stamens 

 2 longer, 2 shorter, and 1 still shorter. Cerinthe has a tubular 

 corolla with five small teeth and two bilocular fruitlets. The 

 bracts are large and leafy, and, like all the rest of the plant, 

 are almost glabrous. A few Lithospermum-species have a naked 

 corolla-throat ; others have small hairy ligules, which do not close 

 the corolla-throat. The fruitlets are as hard as stone, owing to 

 the presence of carbonate of lime and silica. Mertensia (Steen- 

 hammera') ; Amelia; Nonnea (small ligules). 



B. The corolla-throat is closed by, or in any case provided 

 with ligules, i.e. scale-like bodies or small protuberances, situated 

 in the throat of the corolla opposite the petals, and which are 

 invaginations or internal spurs of the petals (Fig. 572 D). The 

 nuts in Cynoglossum (Hound's-tongue) bear hooked bristles over the 

 entire surface, or, in Echinospermum, only on the edge. The 

 following have smooth nuts -.Symphytum (Comfrey) has a cylin- 

 drical, campanulate corolla, and prolonged-triangular, pointed 

 ligules. Borago (Borage) has a rotate corolla with projecting, 



