574 D1COTYLEDONES. 



spaces ; a smaller number are forest-forms. They abound especially in open 

 districts in America. 



Among the substances frequently found may be mentioned : INULIN (especially 

 in the subterranean parts), BITTER materials, Tannin, volatile .oils, fatty oils in 

 the fruits. MEDICINAL : * " Herba " of Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood) and 

 maritima] (Sea-wormwood), A chilleamille folium; the leaves of Cnicus benedictus 

 and Tussilago farfara ; the unopened capitula of Artemisia maritima, var. stech- 

 manniana; the capitula of Tanacetum,Matricariachamomilla^ (wildChamomile), 

 Anthemis nobilis f (common Chamomile) ; the separate flowers of Arnica the 

 roots of Arnica montana^, Taraxacum ojficinale^, Anacyclus officinarum^, Lappa 

 major, minor, nemorosa and tomentosa, Inula helenium and Artemisia vulgar is - T 

 the latex of Lactuca virosaf. The following are cultivated for food : Lactuca 

 sativa (Lettuce), Cichorium endivia (from E. Asia, for salads), Cynara scolymus 

 (Artichoke, Mediterranean), Scorzonera hispanica (S. Eur.), Helianthus tuberosus 

 (Jerusalem Artichoke, from N. Am., introduced into Europe 1616), Cichorium 

 intybus (roots as " chicory,") Tragopoyott ponifolium (Salsafy), Artemisia dra- 

 cunculus. OIL is extracted from the following (the seeds) : Helianthus annuus 

 (Peru), Madia sativa (Chili), Guizotia oleifera (Abyssinia). DYES from : Car- 

 thamu* tinctorim (Safflower, used in the preparation of rouge; Egypt), Serratula 

 tinctoria. INSECT-POWDER from: Pyrethrum cinerariifolium (Dalmatia) and 

 roseum (Persia, Caucasus). The following are cultivated in houses and gardens 

 for the sake of their scented leaves : Tanacetum balsamita (Balsam), Arte- 

 muia abrotanum (Southernwood) and A. argentea. A great many of the genera 

 enumerated are cultivated in dwelling houses for the sake of the flowers ; 

 e.g. Pericallis cruenta (generally termed " Cineraria "). Asteriscus pygmceus is 

 supposed to be the genuine " Hose of Jericho " ; the involucral leaves envelop 

 the fruits after their ripening and keep them enclosed for 8-10 months until 

 rain occurs. 



* Those marked with a + are officinal. 



