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APPENPIX ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 



System of LINN^US (1733). 



In his well known artificial system Linnaeus divided the Vege- 

 table Kingdom into twenty-four classes, based upon the number, 

 relative position and union of the stamens with regard to each 

 other, and also to the gynoeceum. 



Class 



the calyx. 

 XIII. POLYANDRIA. ,, ,,20 or more stamens inserted on 



the receptacle. 



DIDYNAMIA. Stamens didynamous. 

 TETRADYNAMIA. tetradynamous. 

 MONADELPHIA. Filaments united into 1 bundle 

 DIADELPHIA. ,, 2 bundles. 



POLYADELPHIA. several bundles. 



XIV. 

 XV. 



XVI. 



XVII. 

 XVIII. 



XIX. 

 XX. 



XXI. 



XXII. 

 XXIII. 

 XXIV. 



SYNGENESIA. Anthers united together: 



GYNANKRIA. Stamens and pistil united. 



MONCECIA. Flowers diclinous, $ and $ on the same plant. 



DICECIA. ,, $ and $ on different plants. 



POLYGAMIA. $ -, ? -, and -flowers on the same plant. 



CRYPTOGAMIA. Flowerless plants (Ferns, Mosses, Algae, Fungi). 



These classes were further divided into orders, according to the number of 

 styles, as Monogynia, flowers with 1 style; Digynia, with 2 styles, etc. Thus 

 a Dock (Rumex), having 6 stamens and 3 styles, would be placed in Class VI., 

 HEXANDRIA, and Order III., Trigynia. 



Class XIV. was divided into two orders. Order I., Gymnospermia, with seeds 

 apparently naked, comprising the Labiatse ; and Order II., Angiospermia, with 

 the seeds enclosed in a capsule (Bartsia, Rhinanthus). 



Class XV. was divided into two orders : Order I., Siliculosa, fruit a silicula 

 {Capsella} ; and Order II., Siliquosa, fruit a siliqua (Brassica). 



Class XIX. was divided into Order I., .ZEqualis, all the flowers perfect 

 (Sonchus) ; Order II., Superflua, flowers in the centre perfect, those at the 

 circumference with pistils only (seemingly superfluous), e.g. Aster ; Order III., 

 Frustranea, flowers in the centre perfect, those at the circumference neuter, 

 e.g. Centaurea. 



"Fragments" of a natural system have also come down to us from Linnaeus, 

 who himself always recognised the imperfection of his artificial system. 



