APPENDIX ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 579 



System of JOHN LINDLEY (Vegetable Kingdom, 1845). 

 Asexual, or Flowerless Plants. 



Stem and leaves undistinguishable .... I. Thallogens. 



Stem and leaves distinguishable II. Acrogens. 



Sexual, or Flowering Plants. 



Fructification springing from a thallus .... III. Rhizogens. 

 Fructification springing from a stem. 



Wood of stem youngest in the centre ; cotyledon 

 single. Leaves parallel- veined, permanent; wood 



of stem always confused IV. Endogens. 



Leaves net-veined, deciduous ; wood of the stem, 

 when perennial, arranged in a circle with a 



central pith V. Dictyogens. 



Wood of stem youngest at the circumference, always 

 concentric ; cotyledons, 2 or more. 



Seeds quite naked VI. Gymnogens. 



Seeds inclosed in seed-vessels VII. Exogens. 



System of ALEXANDER BRAUN (1864). 



I. Bryophyta. 



1. THALLODEA (Algae, Fungi, Lichenes). 



2. THALLOPBYLLODEA (Charas, Mosses). 

 II. Cormophyta. 



1. PHYLLOPTERIDES (Ferns, Equisetums). 



2. MASCHALOPTEKIDES (Lycopods). 



3. HYDROPTERIDES (Water-ferns), 

 III. Anthophyta. 



GYHNOSPERM.E. 



1. Frondoscc (Cycadeae). 



2. Acerosce (Coniferae). 

 ANGIOSPEKMJE. 



1. Monocotyledones. 



2. bicotyledones. 



Apetalae. 



Sympetalae. 



Eleutheropetal. 



W. HOFMEISTER published from 1849 to 1851 his researches upon 

 the embryology of the Phanerogams, and upon the embryology 

 and life-history of the Vascular Cryptogams, and established the 

 phylogenetic connection existing between the Mosses, Vascular 

 Cryptogams and Phanerogams. 



