Fen Plants 219 



life upon the raised peninsula to the water and bog flora of 

 the fen. 



This is best seen upon the western side ; in former times 

 the transference must have been gradual, now, owing to the 

 artificial condition of the fen, it is irregular and abrupt. In 

 this portion two zones of vegetation can be detected. 



The dry land is for the most part cultivated ; only by the 

 Upware marl pits does any trace remain of its original flora. 

 This flora though small is in very striking contrast to that of 

 the fen. The following is a list of some of the more typical 

 plants given in order of their importance. 



Plantago media. 



Trisetum pratense. 



Phleum pratense var. nodosum. 



Cynosurus cristatus. 



Achillea millefolium. 



Medicago lupulina (downy form). 



Lotus corniculatus. 



Galium verum. 



Cerastium arvense. 



Festuca rigida 



Caucalis nodosa 

 Peucedanum sativum 



on broken ground. 



Below the uplands, in the first zone, consisting of rough 

 meadows intersected with ditches, are found Ranunculus 

 Lingua, Sparganium minimum and Car ex Pseudo-cyperus 

 in the ditches. Holcus lanatus, Cnicus arvensis, Senecio Ja- 

 cobaea, and Potentilla anserina infest the meadows of this 

 zone. 



The second zone is still rougher ; it is studded in places 

 with old hawthorn bushes, which shelter a few shade plants, 

 but the greater portion is bare. The general effect is that of a 

 moor, but the flora has been so changed by the introduction 

 of foreign soil, that a list of plants does not convey this 

 impression. Viola hirta and F. ericetorum abound; Arabis 



