DUAL MONARCHY 



2702 



DUBLIN 



Dual Monarchy. Name given 

 to the empire of Austria- Hungary. 

 Formed in 1867 by the union of 

 Austria and Hungary, for half 

 a century the two countries were 

 joined under the same ruler, em- 

 peror of Austria and king of Hun- 

 gary. As a result of the Great 

 War they became separate re- 

 publics. See Austria-Hungary: 

 Czecho-Slovakia. 



Duars. Submontane tract of 

 N. India. The land at the foot of 

 the Himalayas is known as the 

 tarai or terai ; it is largely jungle 

 forest, inhabited by wild beasts, 

 and has heavy monsoon rains. 

 Portions of the luxurious vegeta- 

 tion have been cleared for tea 

 plantations, paddy fields, and jute 

 and tobacco crops. The width of 

 the duars is about 25m., and the 

 total area 3,500 sq. m. Pop. 

 120,000. 



Dubail, AUGUSTIN YVON ED- 

 MOND (b. 1851). French soldier. 

 Born at Belfort, April 15, 1851, he 

 became a lieu- 

 tenant of in- 

 fantry in the 

 French army 

 in 1870, and 

 served in the 

 Franco - P r u s- 

 sian War. For 

 ten years he 

 was chief of 

 staff of the Al- 

 gerian Division 

 and colonel of the 1st Zouave Regi- 

 ment in Algeria. On his return to 

 France, after holding various ap- 

 pointments, he became chief of 

 staff of the French army, com- 

 mander of the 9th Army Corps, 

 and a member of the superior 

 council of war. On the outbreak of 

 the Great War Dubail was given the 

 command of the French First Army 

 operating in Alsace and Lorraine, 

 successfully defended Nancy, and 

 afterwards held up the Germans on 

 the Heights of the Meuse. In April, 

 1916, he was appointed military 

 governor of Paris, and held that 

 position till June, 1918. 



Dubawnt. River and lake of 

 the N.W. Territories, Canada. 

 The river rises from Wholdaia 

 Lake, almost on the border of Sas- 

 katchewan, and flows almost due 

 N.N.E. to Dubawnt Lake. Issu- 

 ing from this, it bends round to the 

 N. again and then turns E. until 

 It falls into Chesterfield Inlet, in 

 Hudson Bay. Its length is about 

 580 m;. The lake is really an ex- 

 tension of the river and is about 

 1 ,650 sq. m. in extent. Other lakes 

 on the course are Aberdeen and 

 Baker. The river's main tributary 

 is the Thelon, which joins it as it 

 turns E. It was discovered in 1 770. 

 The Dubawnt Basin foims part of 



Augustin Dubail, 

 French soldier 



the Barren Grounds, almost treeless 

 and frequently frostbound, even 

 during certain summers: 



Dubbin. Dressing applied to 

 leather to soften it and render it 

 waterproof. It is composed of 

 Russian tallow softened with cod- 

 liver oil and is especially employed 

 for waterproofing heavy boots. 



Dubbo. Town of New South 

 Wales. It stands on the Mac- 

 quarie river, 278 m. by rly. N.W. 

 of Sydney, and is the trade centre 

 of a vast pastoral and coal and 

 copper mining area. Pop. 5,389 



Dubica. Town of Yugo-Slavia. 

 It is situated on both banks of the 

 Una, one portion being in Croatia 

 and the other in Bosnia. The 



Dublin Map oi this maritime county 

 of Ireland, in the province of Leinste; 



Croatian town is served by the 

 main line of rly. from Zagreb to 

 Belgrade. Pop. Croatian portion, 



7,330, almost equally divided 

 between Roman Catholic Croats 

 and Greek Orthodox Serbs ; Bos- 

 nian portion, 3,500, three-quarters 

 Mahomedans. 



Dubissa. River of Russia. It 

 joins the Niemen W. of Kovno, 

 in the govt. of that name. It came 

 into prominence in 1915 during the 

 fighting between the Russians and 

 Germans when the latter at- 

 tempted to overrun the Baltic 

 provinces. After heavy fighting 

 (May-July) along the river line, 

 on July 20 the Germans broke 

 through the Russian positions. 

 See Courland. 



Dublin, Eastern maritime 



county of Ireland, in the prov.. of 

 Leinster, with about 72 m. of 

 coast-line including indentations. 

 Dublin Bay is the largest inlet, the 

 Liffey, which debouches into it, the 

 chief river, and Howth Head the 

 most prominent cape. Lam bay 

 and several smaller islands near the 

 coast are included in the county. 

 Mountains occur in the S. (Kippure, 

 2,473 ft. ), but the surface is gener- 

 ally a gently undulating plain, 

 almost entirely under cultivation, 

 wheat, oats, barley, and potatoes 

 being the chief crops raised : the N. 

 and W. parts contain much pasture 

 land. Mineral products include 

 lead and copper ores, and granite ; 

 fishing is a thriving industry, and 

 the leading manufactures are 

 whisky, beer, and hosiery. The 

 G.S. and W., M.G.W., G.N.I., L. 

 & N.W., and the D. & S.E. Rlys. 

 afford communication. Dublin 

 (county town) and Kingstown are 

 the most important towns. Former- 

 ly it returned 4 members to Parlia- 

 ment. Its area is 342 sq. m. Pop. 

 exclusive of Dublin city, 172,394. 



DUBLIN: CAPITAL OF IRISH FREE STATE 



Arthur W. Garbutt, of The Irish Times 



In addition to the following article there are articles on all the Irish 



cities and towns ; also on the Liffey ; Phoenix Park, etc. See also, 



for the events of 1916-20, Ireland: History ; Sinn Fein 



The city of Dublin is a sea- 

 port, county, and parl. borough in 

 the prov. of Leinster. It is situated 

 on Dublin Bay, at 

 the mouth of the 

 Liffey, 61 m. W. 

 of Holyhead. En- 

 closed by the Cir- 

 cular Road, 9 m. 

 in circuit, the city 

 is divided into two 

 nearly equal parts 

 Dublin city _N. an d S. by 

 the Liffey, which 

 is spanned by 12 bridges. 



Dublin may be the Eblana of 

 Ptolemy. The name means Flack 

 Pool (Dubh-Linn), suggested by the 

 pool at the confluence of the tribu- 



tary Poddle with the Liffey, which 

 otherwise spread over marshy 

 land. A track made of hurdles 

 across the marshes gave the place 

 its older name of Ath Cliath. The 

 Poddle is now a sewer under Dub- 

 lin's oldest streets, but the place of 

 its outflow to the Liffey was the site 

 of the oldest elements of the city, 

 and the Custom House stood there 

 till the close of the 18th century. 

 In this area arc Christchurch Cathe- 

 dral, founded in 1038 and estab- 

 lished as a cathedral in 1541, and 

 S. Patrick's Cathedral, founded in 

 1190 and restored in 1865 at the 

 expense of Sir B. L. Guinness. Both 

 are in the hands of the Protest- 

 ants ; the Roman Catholics, though 



