DUBLIN 



2704 



DUBLIN 



school, and there are also the Royal 

 College of Physicians and the Royal 

 College of Surgeons of Ireland, both 

 examining and to some extent 

 teaching bodies. The National Gal- 

 lery of Art and National Portrait 

 Gallery has acquired a fairly good 

 collection, considering the lateness 

 of its start. To the energy and bril- 

 liant ventures of the late Sir Hugh 

 Lane was due the assembly of a 

 unique modern art collection as a 

 municipal gallery, which contains 

 a number of representative works 

 by modern and contemporary art- 

 ists, British, Irish, and foreign. 



Dublin has long taken a lively 

 interest in music and the drama, as 

 befitted the birthplace of Balfe and 

 Sheridan and the scene of the 

 first production of The Messiah 

 under Handel's personal direction. 

 Its Abbey Theatre (q.v.) was the 

 home of a significant modern move- 

 ment in drama, and is still conduc- 

 ted on repertory lines. The Royal 

 Irish Academy of Music maintains a 

 high standard of musical teaching 

 Dublin Horse Show 



The Royal Dublin Society, which 

 has a noble home in the former 

 town house of the dukes of Lein- 

 ster, includes music among its 

 varied subjects ; other subjects 

 are scientific research, the improve- 

 ment of Irish horse- and stock- 

 breeding and agriculture in Ireland 

 generally. It holds the annual 

 Dublin Horse Show, famous for the 

 display of hunters and for the bril- 

 liant social season associated with 

 it in August. The Royal Irish 

 Academy, which has a commo- 

 dious Academy House next to the 

 Mansion House, while generally 

 promoting the humanities, speci- 

 ally favours archaeological and 

 antiquarian studies. There are four 

 morning and three evening daily 

 papers, and numerous periodicals. 

 An Irish Republican parliament, 

 consisting of Sinn Fein members 

 who were elected by Irish con- 

 stituencies at the general election 

 of Nov., 1918, but did not attend 

 the Imperial parliament at West- 

 minster, held several sessions at 

 the Mansion House in 1919-20. 



Rly. facilities are adequate, the 

 city being served by several lines, 

 and communication with the Shan- 

 non is effected by the Royal and 

 Grand canals. A regular steam- 

 boat service is maintained with the 

 principal ports of Great Britain. 

 The annual value of exports 

 amounts to 3,000,000, and the im- 

 ports to 150,000. The celebrated 

 Dublin horse and cattle shows are 

 held at Ball's Bridge. Market days, 

 Tues., Wed., and Fri. Pop. 304,802. 



HISTORY. Dublin begins its 

 history as a Scandinavian settle- 

 ment, a base, often hardly main- 



Dublin. Flan of the capital of the Irish Free State, showing the situation 

 of the Castle and other principal buildings 



tained against the assaults of the 

 native Irish and their allies, for the 

 Norse rovers. A dist. of old Dublin 

 is still called Oxmantown, from 

 Ostmen-town, the invaders being 

 called Ostmen. Between the Norse 

 settlers and foragers and various 

 Irish chieftains and tribes a bitter 

 and alternating conflict was waged 

 for centuries, and the battle of 

 Clontarf, fought on the N. side of 

 the city in 1014, was the bloodiest 

 of a long series of encounters. In 

 1170 the Anglo-Norman adven- 

 turers under Strongbow came, and 

 for long thereafter Dublin was the 

 capital of the English Pale. Henry 

 II granted the city to his " subjects 

 of Bristol " in 1173, 500 of whom 

 were massacred at Cullens Wood 

 on Easter (Black) Monday, 1209. 

 Dublin suffered greatly during the 

 Civil War, and in 1647 was sur- 

 rendered by the duke of Ormonde, 

 who two years later was defeated 

 at the battle of Rathmines. James 

 II held a parliament here in 1689. 

 The chief events of more recent 

 timeswere the rebellions of 1798and 

 1803, the Sinn Fein revolt of 1916, 

 and the battle of July, 1922. 

 The Irish Parliament 



The title of lord mayor was given 

 to the city's chief magistrate by 

 Charles II in 1665. In 1729 the 

 building of the houses of parlia- 

 ment for the Irish parliament was 

 commenced, and the period of the 

 Irish parliament was a brilliant one 

 for Dublin. It ended in 1800 with 

 the Act of Union. There was a 

 serious rising in Dublin at Easter, 

 1916, and further trouble there 

 during the disorders of 1919-22. 



Bibliography. The Book of Trinity 

 College, Dublin (Belfast), 1892; 

 Thorn's Business Directory of Dub- 

 lin and Suburbs, 1906, etc. ; The 



Story of Dublin, D. A. Chart, 1907 ; 

 Dublin, S. A. O. Fitzpatrick, 1907 ; 

 Disturbed Dublin : story of the 

 general strike, 1913-14, A. Wright, 

 1914. 



Dublin BAY. Inlet of the Irish 

 Sea. It penetrates the E. coast of 

 Ireland as far as Dublin, a depth 

 of about 10 m., and from its en- 

 trance at Howth peninsula on the 

 N. to Kingstown on the S. is 6 m. 

 Owing to its difficult navigation 

 numerous lighthouses have been 

 erected along its shores. The Liffey 

 is the principal river discharging 

 into the bay. TheHill of Howth at 

 its N. end (562 ft. ) and Killiney Hill 

 at its S. (480 ft. ) form conspicuous 

 landmarks at the entrance. Its 

 depth varies from 2 to 10 fathoms. 

 Dublin AND SOUTH-EASTERN 

 RAILWAY. Irish rly. from Dublin 

 to Waterford. It has a total mile- 

 age of 218, and its headquarters 

 and works are in Dublin, where it 

 owns Westland Row station. The 

 line was opened in 1856, and took 

 over an older one, the Dublin and 

 Kingstown. Until 1907 it was 

 known as the Dublin, Wicklow, 

 and Wexford Rly. It has a capital 

 of 2,500,000 and owns two hotels. 

 Dublin FUSILIERS, ROYAL. For- 

 mer regiment of the British army. 

 It originated in the early days of the 

 British rule in 

 India. In 1662 

 a regiment was 

 raised in Eng- 

 land for the de- 

 fence of Bom- 

 bay, and was 

 soon taken into 

 Royal Dublin the service of 

 Fusiliers badge the East India 

 Company. In 1748 another was 

 formed to serve at Madras, and 

 the two were known as the 



