DUDLEY 



2709 



DUEL 



Dudley. County and mun. bor. 

 of Worcestershire. In a detached 

 portion of the county, it is 8 m. 

 N.W. of Bir- 

 mingham and 

 121 from Lon- 

 don, and is 

 served by the 

 L. & N.W. and 

 G. W. Rlys. ; also 

 by a canal. 

 Electric tram- 

 Dudley arms w a y s r u n 



through the town and to adjoining 

 places. Dudley is in the heart of 

 the Black Country; there are coal 

 and iron mines all around, with 

 which the chief industries are con- 

 nected ironworks, brass foundries, 

 engineering works, and the like. 

 Cycles and beer are also made and 

 stone is quarried. 



The buildings of the town in- 

 clude the parish church, a town 

 hall, school of art, and grammar 



Dudley, Worcestershire. 



Valentine 



school. There is a hospital, 

 founded by Joseph Guest, a tech- 

 nical school, and a geological 

 museum. There are the ruins of 

 the castle around which the town 

 grew, the grounds being now a pub- 

 lic park. Adjacent to Dudley, but 

 in Staffordshire, are Brierley Hill 

 and Kingswinford, while Nether- 

 ton is another industrial suburb. 

 Dudley existed before the Norman 

 conquest, and was a borough in 

 medieval times, being represented 

 in Parliament in 1295. Its present 

 incorporation, however, only dates 

 from 1865. It is governed by a 

 mayor and council, and sends one 

 member to Parliament. Market 

 day, Sat. Pop. 51,079. 



Dudley, EARL OF. English title 

 held by the family of Ward since 

 1860. In much earlier times there 

 was a baron of Dudley, who lived 

 in Dudley Castle. The first baron, 

 who lived in the 14th century, 

 was named Sutton, but his de- 

 scendants took the name of Dud- 

 ley from their residence. Among 

 them were Elizabeth's favourite, 

 Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, 

 and other noted men of Tudor 



times. The barony remained in the 

 family until its ninth holder died 

 without sons in 1643. It passed 

 then to his granddaughter, the 

 wife of a wealthy goldsmith, Hum- 

 ble Ward, and in this way the two 

 families became connected. Ward's 

 son Edward succeeded, but in 1767 

 the barony fell into abeyance. 



Meanwhile, another branch of 

 the Wards was becoming promi- 

 nent, and John Ward, another 

 descendant of Humble, who had 

 inherited the barony of Ward, was 

 made Viscount Dudley in 1763. 

 His grandson, John William Ward, 

 4th viscount (1771-1833), was 

 foreign secretary in 1827-28, and 

 a prominent figure in his day. In 

 1827 he was made earl of Dudley, 

 but the title became extinct on his 

 death in 1 833. Another descendant 

 of Humble Ward, William Ward 

 (1817-85), inherited much of his 

 great wealth, and in 1860 was made 

 --; earl of Dudley. 

 ; His son, William 

 i Humble, 2nd earl 

 ! (b. May 25, 1867), 

 was lord -lieutenant 

 of Ireland from 

 1902 to 1906, and 

 governor-general of 

 Australia from 

 1908 to 1911. The 

 countess of Dudley 

 was drowned while 

 bathing in Ireland, 

 June 26, 1920. The 

 wealth of the 

 Wards is due to the 

 possession of rich 

 coalfields round 

 Dudley. The earl's eldest son is 

 known as Viscount Ednam, and 

 his chief seat, until its sale in 1920, 

 was Witley Court, Worcestershire. 

 Dudley, DUD (1599-1684). Eng- 

 lish ironmaster. Natural son of 

 the fifth Baron Dudley, he was 

 educated at Balliol College, Ox- 

 ford. In 1619 he was placed in 

 charge of his father's ironworks at 

 Pensnet, Worcestershire, where he 

 experimented with coal as furnace 

 fuel. In spite of successful de- 

 monstrations, in 1651 he was 

 forced to abandon his attempts- 

 During the Civil War he was 

 colonel in the king's army, and 

 general of ordnance to Prince 

 Maurice. In 1665 he published 

 his work Metallum Martis or Iron 

 Made with Pit-Coale, etc., but was 

 careful not to describe his process. 

 He died at Worcester, Oct. 25, 1684. 

 Dudley, EDMUND (d. 1510). 

 English lawyer. He studied at 

 Oxford and Gray's Inn, and early 

 gained the favour of Henry VII. 

 While still very young he was 

 made a privy councillor, and in 

 1504 became Speaker of the House 

 of Commons. Working with 



The town hall 



another lawyer, Richard Empson, 

 he enriched himself and the king 

 by a system of extortion based 

 mainly on antiquated penal sta- 

 tutes. The day after Henry VIII's 

 accession, Dudley and his col- 

 league were arrested. They were 

 found guilty of constructive trea- 

 son, and were executed on Tower 

 Hill, Aug. 18, 1510. 



Dudley, SIR HENRY BATE (1745- 

 1824). British journalist. Born at 

 Fenny Compton, Warwickshire, 

 Aug. 25, 1745, he was the son of a 

 clergyman, Rev. Henry Bate. Edu- 

 cated at Queen's College, Oxford, 

 he entered the Church of England 

 and became, in succession to his 

 father, rector of North Fam bridge, 

 Essex. However, he took his duties 

 very lightly, and it is as a journalist 

 and society figure that he is known. 

 He was editor of The Morning Post 

 from 1772 to 1780 and afterwards 

 founded The Morning Chronicle. 

 His writings were often violent, 

 while his behaviour was eccentric : 

 always ready for a duel, he was 

 called the fighting parson, and he 

 spent at least one term in prison. 

 In 1784 he took the name of Dud- 

 ley on succeeding to some money, 

 and in 1813 he was made a baronet. 

 At one time he lived in Ireland, 

 where he had livings and was chan- 

 cellor of the diocese of Ferns. He 

 died at Cheltenham, Feb. 1, 1824. 

 The friend of Garrick and of other 

 notables of the time, Dudley wrote 

 several comic operas. See Noble 

 Dames and Notable Men of the 

 Georgian Era.. J. Fyvie, 1910. 



Dudley port. Village of Staf- 

 fordshire, England. It forms a 

 ward of the urban district of Tip- 

 ton and has a station on the L. & 

 N.W.R. See Tipton. 



Dudweiler. Town of Germany, 

 in the Prussian Rhine province. 

 It stands on the Sulzbach, 40 m. 

 from Metz, near a coalfield, and its 

 manufactures include machinery 

 and other kinds of iron goods, 

 bricks, and pottery. Pop. 21,932. 



Duel (Lat. duellum, old form of 

 bellum, battle, from duo, two). 

 Single combat engaged in by ar- 

 rangement after challenge, and 

 carried through on a recognized 

 method of procedure, to settle a 

 private quarrel or vindicate per- 

 sonal honour. 



Historically the duel derives 

 directly from the old legal method 

 of settling disputes by ordeal by 

 battle. The legal sanction given 

 to decisions so arrived at com- 

 mended the method to the popular 

 mind, and the issue of a duel came 

 to be accepted as a definitive settle- 

 ment of a dispute between individ- 

 uals over matters with regard to 

 which they deemed it either unde- 

 sirable or useless to appeal to law. 



