From a portrait i 

 Bodleian Library 



DUGDALE 



Dugdale, Sra WILLIAM (1605- 

 86). English antiquary. Born at 

 Shustoke, Warwickshire, Sept. 12, 

 1605, he came 

 to London in 

 1635 to collect 

 materials for his 

 Antiquities of 

 Warwickshire 

 (1656). His 

 royalist lean- 

 ings led to his 

 receiving sev- 

 eral heraldic 

 appointments, 



the which he Util- 

 foj , varf . 



ous county " visitations." He was 

 made Garter king-of-arins and 

 knighted in 1677. He published a 

 History of S. Paul's Cathedral, 

 1658 ; collaborated in a history of 

 religious foundations, Monasticon 

 Anglicanum, 1655-73 ; compiled a 

 History of Embanking and Drain- 

 ing of Fens and Marshes, 1662 ; 

 and The Baronage of England, 

 1675-76. He died Feb. 10, 1686. 

 See Life, Diary, and Correspond- 

 ence, ed. W. Hamper, 1827 ; Athe- 

 naeum, Nov. 3, 1888, in which por- 

 tions of his diary were first printed. 



Dugong (Halicare). Genus of 

 herbivorous aquatic mammals, 

 known as sea-cows. They are found 

 in the Red Sea and around the E. 

 Indies and Australasia. From 8 to 

 12 ft. long, they resemble a 

 miniature whale. 



Dug-out. Primitive form of boat 

 or canoe. In forest regions riverain 

 tribes familiar with floating logs, 

 probably soon developed a method 

 of hollowing out a tree trunk by 

 means of fire or an adze. See illus. 

 pp. 1211, 1653 and 2207. 



Dug-out. Term used in the 

 Great War for an underground 

 shelter for troops. Dug-outs were 

 constructed in or near the fire 



2712 



trenches to provide rest accommo- 

 dation for the officers and men by 

 day and night,and as comparatively 

 safe cover from bombardments. See 

 Trench. 



Duguay-Trouin, RENE (1673- 

 1736). French sailor. Born at 

 St. Malo, June 10, 1673, in early 

 youth he gave up clerical studies 

 and took to the sea, where he 

 distinguished himself in the war 

 against England and Holland. He 

 obtained a commission in the 

 French navy in 1697 and fought 

 with distinction in the War of the 

 Spanish Succession, capturing Rio 

 de Janeiro in 1711. He died at 

 Paris, Sept. 27, 1736. 

 . Duhamel, JEAN PIERRE FRAN- 

 COIS GUILLOT (1730-1816). French 

 metallurgist. Born near Coutances, 

 he was officially appointed to visit 



Dag - out. Bomb-proof dug - out 



roofed with sandbags, concrete, and 



timber 



Dugong, or sea-cow, a large aquatic 

 mammal 



the mines of Forez and two years 

 later the Harz. By his discoveries 

 and inventions he greatly improved 

 steel manufacture in France. From 

 1781-1811 he held the professorship 

 of mining and metallurgy at the 

 French school of mining. In 1795 

 he was appointed inspector-general 

 of mines. He died Feb. 19, 1816. 



Dui OE DUE. Fortified post and 

 penal settlement on the W. coast of 

 the island of Sakhalin. It was 

 founded in 1857 on the site of 

 some coal mines worked by convict 

 labour. The vicinity produces fire- 

 proof clay for brick-making. 



Duiker Bok. Small S. African 

 antelope of the genus Cephalophus. 

 There are nearly 40 species, vary- 

 ing in size from the dimensions of 

 a hare to those of a small donkey. 

 They have short straight horns, 

 usually with a crest of hair between 

 them, and are of light and graceful 

 form. Pron. Dlker. 



Duisburg. Town of Germany, 

 in the Rhine prov. It stands 

 between the Rhine and the Ruhr 

 rivers, 15 m. N. of Dusseldorf, and 

 owes its great growth in the 19th 

 century to the collieries. Its 

 industries include founding, engin- 

 eering, shipbuilding, and the manu- 

 facture of cotton goods, soap, etc. 



Duisburg, once a Roman station, 

 was included for some centuries in 

 the duchy of Cleves, and with it be- 



DUKE 



came part of Brandenburg in 1614. 

 During the troubles of 1919-20 

 there were several risings in the 

 town. Pop. 229,483. 



Dujailah. Fortified Turkish 

 position on the S. bank of the 

 Tigris. It was the key to the Es- 

 Sinn position, which barred the 

 way of the British Kut relief force, 

 1916. Unsuccessfully attacked on 

 March 8, it was carried by the 

 British, May 19. See Es-Sinn ; 

 Kut ; Mesopotamia, Conquest of. 



Dujana. Native state of India, 

 in the Punjab. Its founder was 

 Abdul Samand Khan, a Pathan 

 soldier of fortune, who was 

 employed under Lord Lake, Opium 

 and grain are the chief products. 

 Chief town, Dujana, 37 m. W. of 

 Delhi. Area, 100 sq. m. Pop. 25,485, 

 four-fifths Hindus. 



Du Jardin, KAREL (c. 1625-78). 

 Dutch landscape painter. Born 

 probably at Amsterdam, he studied 

 under Nicolaas Berchem and at 

 Rome. On his return to Holland 

 he met with great success, but he 

 preferred to make Italy his home, 

 and died in Venice. His landscapes 

 are Italian rather than Dutch in 

 feeling. The National Gallery, 

 London, possesses a representative 

 example of his work. He died 

 Nov. 20, 1678. 



Duke (Lat. dux, leader). Title 

 of nobility. The word was first 

 applied to military commanders in 

 the early Ro- 

 man empire. 

 Later, as in 

 the Frankish 

 empire, 

 duke was a 

 civil and 

 military offi- 

 cial. There Dnke The ducal coronet 

 were also ter- 

 ritorial dukes, who ruled over 

 large districts, e.g. Saxony. Gradu- 

 ally all the dukes became terri- 

 torial. In Great Britain duke is the 

 highest title of nobility. The first 

 English duke was Edward the 

 Black Prince, created duke of Corn- 

 wall in 1337. The first Scottish 

 duke was David, son of King Robert 

 III, who was made duke of Rothe- 

 say in 1398. See Peerage. 



Duke, HENRY EDWARD, BARON 

 MERRIVALE (b. 1855). British law- 

 yer. Asa 

 journalist he 

 was for a time 

 in the press 

 gallery of the 

 House of Com- 

 mons. Called to 

 the bar in 1885, 

 he soon ac- 

 quired a large 



practice on the Sir Henry K Duk6f 

 western cir- British lawyer 



CUit. In 1900 Elliott & Fry 



