DUKE TOWN 



2714 



DULWICH 



Newcastle ; at Thoresby, now the 

 seat of Earl Manvers, the duke of 

 Kingston ; and at Worksop Manor 

 the duke of Norfolk. 



Duke Town. Former name of 

 Old Calabar, situated on the Cala- 

 bar river, Nigeria. See Calabar. 



Dukhonin, GENERAL. Russian 

 soldier. During the early part of 

 the Great War he held important 

 staff appointments. His ability 

 was recognized by his appointment 

 as chief of staff of the Northern 

 Army early in 1917. He was made 

 commander-in-chief by Kerensky 

 early in Oct. of that year, in succes- 

 sion to Korniloff , and tried to stem 

 the increasing disorganization of 

 the armies. After the Lenin coup 

 d'etat, Nov. 7, he was superseded 

 because he refused to negotiate an 

 armistice with the Germans. Re- 

 maining loyal to Russia, he con- 

 tinued to act as commander-in- 

 chief at the front after the flight of 

 Kerensky. On Dec. 3, 1917, he was 

 captured at Mohilev by a naval 

 guard, and after being insulted was 

 stabbed and killed. See Kerensky ; 

 Korniloff. 



Dukinfield. Mun. bor. of Che- 

 shire, England. It stands on the 

 Tame, and is mostly within the 

 parl. bor. of Staly bridge, 6 m. E. of 

 Manchester by the G.C. and L. & 

 N.W. Rlys. The 

 principal build- \ 

 ings are the town : 

 hall, free library, j 

 technical school. 

 There are church- \ 

 es, schools, a pub- 

 lic park and re- 

 creation grounds. 

 The borough 

 unites with Staly- 

 bridge, Hyde, and 

 Moseley in a joint 

 system of electric 

 tramways and 

 lighting. 



Dulce. Gulf or inlet of the 

 Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica 

 and Panama. At its entrance are 

 the points of Matapalo on the N. 

 and Burica on the S. 



Dulciana (Lat. dulcis, sweet). 

 Organ stop. The pipes in it are 

 open and of small scale, possessing 

 a delicate tone. Its invention is 

 ascribed to Snetzler (18th cen- 

 tury). They are usually of 8 ft. 

 pitch, but are sometimes 16 ft. or 

 even 4 ft. See Organ. 



Dulcigno (anc. Olcinium ; Turk. 

 Olgun). Harbour of Montenegro, on 

 the Adriatic. Though deep and 

 commodious, it is difficult of access. 

 The town is built on Cape Kadilie, a 

 rocky promontory, and trades with 

 Italy in olives and oil. Formerly 

 Byzantine, it was in turn Serbian 

 and Venetian, and became Turkish 

 in 1571. During the Great War it 

 was captured by the Austrians in 

 Jan., 1916, and occupied by the 

 Italians in Nov., 1918. Pop. 5,000. 



Dulcimer (Lat. dulcis, sweet ; Gr. 

 melos, song). Musical instrument, 

 from which the pianoforte has been 

 evolved. It consists of a trapeze - 

 shaped sounding-board, over which 

 metal strings are stretched. These 

 are struck by two hammers with 

 flexible stems, and heads of which 

 one side is -hard and the other 



Dulcimer, covering 3 octaves. There are 4 strings to 

 each note, and the instrument contains 21 bridges 



By courtesy of Barnes & Mull inn 



The chief industries are padded. The dulcimer, or cimba- 



cotton manufacture, calico-print- 

 ing, iron-working, engineering, and 

 coal-mining. A bridge across the 

 Tame connects Cheshire with Lan- 

 cashire. Market day, Mon. Pop. 

 19,422. 



Dukla Pass . Pass over the Car- 

 pathian Mts. between Galicia and 

 Hungary. It is named after Dukla, 

 a town of Galicia, 1 7 m. S.E. of Jaslo. 

 See Carpathians, Fighting in the. 



Dulac, EDMUND (b. 1882). 

 Franco-British artist. Born at Tou- 

 louse, he settled in Great Britain in 

 1905. In 1907 an exhibition of his 

 drawings at the Leicester Galleries 

 caused a sensation ; and his illus- 

 trations to fairy tales and other 

 classics enjoy a wide popularity. 

 His Book for the French Red Cross 

 (1915) is specially menorable An 

 exhibition of his caricatures was 

 given in London in 1920. 



lom, is an important feature in 

 Magyar bands. 



Dulcin, DULCITOL OK MELAM- 

 PYRITE. Sweet-tasting substance 

 obtained from Madagascar manna, 

 Melampyrum nemorosum, and other 

 plants. From Madagascar manna 

 it is obtained by treatment with 

 boiling water ; from Melampyrum 

 nemorosum by boiling the plant, 

 dried when flowering, with water, 

 adding milk of lime to the decoc- 

 tion until it is just alkaline, again 

 boiling, and then decomposing the 

 filtered liquid with hydrochloric 

 acid. The dulcin then separates 

 out and is purified by recrystalli- 

 sation. It is produced artificially by 

 the action of sodium amalgam on 

 lactose and galactose. 



Dulcinea del Toboso. In Don 

 Quixote, the imaginary lady to 

 whom the Don consecrates himself 



an idealisation of a farm girl, 

 Aldonza Lorenzo. She is shown to 

 him by Sancho Panza as a country 

 wench riding an ass, and he is per- 

 suaded that she is the victim of en- 

 chantment. See Cervantes ; Don 

 Quixote. 



Dulse (Rhodymenia palmata and 

 Dilsea edulis). Two fleshy, purple 

 seaweeds of the natural order Rho- 



Dulse. Leaves of Rhodymenia palmata, 

 an edible seaweed 



dophyceae, growing on rocks in 

 shallow water. The name belongs 

 more especially to the first men- 

 tioned, which is used as food by the 

 Scottish Highlanders and the Irish, 

 who call it dillisk, not only as an 

 ingredient in stews, but when dried 

 as a substitute for chewing tobacco. 



Duluth. City of Minnesota, 

 U.S.A., the co. seat of St. Louis co. 

 At the W. end of Lake Superior, 

 152 m. N.E. of St. Paul, it is served 

 by the Chicago and Milwaukee and 

 other rlys., and is the terminus of 

 three of' the lines. It has one of the 

 best natural harbours in the world, 

 formed by Minnesota Point, a 

 narrow tongue of land which parts 

 it from the lake. The waterway of 

 the Great Lakes and the ample rly. 

 facilities make Duluth one of the 

 leading commercial ports in the 

 country. Its industrial establish- 

 ments include steel and iron works, 

 blast furnaces, flour and saw mills, 

 and match factories. Settled in 

 1853, it was incorporated as a city 

 in 1870 and has grown rapidly 

 since. Pop. 97,077. 



Dulverton. Market town and 

 parish of Somerset, England. It 

 stands on the Barle and near the S. 

 edge of Exmoor, 20 m. W. of Taun- 

 ton. It has a station on the G.W. 

 Rly. In the midst of lovely scenery, 

 it is a fishing and hunting centre. 

 Near is Pixton Park. Dulverton is 

 referred to in Blackmore's Lorna 

 Doone Pop. 1,526. 



Dulwich. London residential 

 suburb. It lies S.E. of the <5ity, 

 between Denmark Hill, Herne Hill, 

 and West Norwood on the W., and 

 Peckham Rye, Nunhead, Forest 

 Hill, and Upper Sydenham on the 

 E. The oldest part, which retains 



