DUMB-BELt 



2718 



DUM-DUM 



of Midlothian. (2) His son, John 

 (or Jock), of slow ideas and con- 

 fused utterance, who woos Jeanie 

 Deans, but finally marries the 

 Laird of Lickpelf's daughter, 

 while Jeanie is united to Reuben 

 Butler. 



Dumbness. Inability to articu- 

 late. It may be acquired, but in the 

 vast majority of cases it is congeni- 

 tal. Acquired dumbness, although 



Dumbartonshire. 



Map of this western county of Scotland ; a small detached 

 part lies between Stirling and Lanark 



LITERARY ASSOCIATIONS. Tobias 

 Smollett was born near Renton, 

 where a 60 ft. column was erected 

 to his memory. David Gray, the 

 poet, was born at Merkland, Kirk- 

 intilloch, and died there at the 

 early age of 23. He is buried in 

 Kirkintilloch churchyard. Many 

 associations linger about Loch Lo- 

 mond, which is partly in this co., 

 notably with Scott's Rob Roy. 



Duznb-Bell. Short iron or 

 wooden bar with a knob at each 

 end, used as an aid to health and by 

 athletes as part of their training. 

 They are grasped, one in each hand, 

 and a series of exercises are then 

 gone through. It is claimed that 

 their use brings every muscle of the 

 body into play. Iron dumb-bells, 

 which are most in use, weigh from 

 4 Ib. to 6 Ib. each, but heavier ones 

 are occasionally employed. They 

 are sometimes covered with leather. 

 The first dumb-bells consisted oi 

 sticks loaded with lead at the ends, 

 and were so called because these 

 ends were shaped like bells. Dumb- 

 bells are said to have been first used 

 in the time of Elizabeth. 



Dumb Cane (Dieff'enbachia 

 seguina). Evergreen perennial 

 plant of the natural order Araceae, 

 native of the West Indies. It has 

 a fleshy, cane-like stem, about 6 ft. 

 high, and oblong, deep green 

 leaves spotted with white. The 

 juice is acrid and poisonous. Old- 

 time planters are said to have 

 punished refractory slaves by com- 

 pelling them to bite the stem, 

 which rendered them speechless 

 for several days, owing to swelling 

 of the mouth parts. 



Duxnbiedikes, THE LAIRD OF. 

 (1 ) The grasping landlord of David 

 Deans, in Scott's novel, The Heart 



occasionally a symptom of mental 

 disease or of an apoplectic stroke, is 

 more often a manifestation of hys- 

 teria. The Great War produced 

 many examples, although severe 

 stammering was much more fre- 

 quent. Acquired dumbness may 

 also be due to tumours, organic 

 disease of the sound-producing ap- 

 paratus, such as of the vocal chords, 

 or complete paralysis of the chords 

 following diphtheria. In the hys- 

 terical form the patient can cough 



loudly ; in the other varieties cough - 

 ing is impossible or very feeble. 

 General treatment will relieve the 

 hysterical variety. At times a sud- 

 den fright or the application to the 

 neck of a strong current of elec- 

 tricity is immediately successful. 

 Recovery is usual from dumbness 

 following diphtheria, but tumours 

 require removal by operation. If 

 the whole larynx has to be removed, 

 speech can be regained by wearing 

 an artificial larynx. 



Congenital dumbness may be 

 due to mental weakness, but much 

 more frequently to deafness, con- 

 genital or acquired in infancy. 

 The child cannot speak because it 

 has not the use of its ears to guide 

 its speech. Even partial deafness 

 occurring in childhood may cause 

 dumbness. It is important to as- 

 certain whether the deafness is very 

 marked or comparatively slight. 

 Any middle ear disease or adenoids 

 should be dealt with to improve 

 the hearing up to its maximum. 

 See Deaf and Dumb. 



Dum-DuxnoRDAMDAMA (Hind., 

 raised mound). Town of India. It 

 is in the Barrackpore sub-division 

 of the district of the twenty-four 

 Parganas, Bengal, 1 m. N.E. of Cal- 

 cutta. The town comprises two 

 municipalities, N. and S. Dum- 

 Dum, the former containing the 

 cantonment, once the headquar- 

 ters of the Bengal Artillery. There 

 is a government ammunition fac- 

 tory at Dum-Dum. 



7 8 



Dumb-Bell. Diagram oi eight typical exercises. 1. The start with the bells 

 on the shoulders. 2. Position with feet apart and bells above the head before 

 bending down as in 3, w thout bending the arms or legs until the bells 

 swing between the latter. The arms are raised above the head again and then 

 lowered right and left until level with the shoulders (see fig. 2). 4. This posi- 

 tion shows drop on the right knee, with left knee bent. 5. Movement to exer- 

 cise the thigh and calf muscles. 6. Exercise for muscles of arms and chest. 

 7. The lunge movement. 8. Employment of arm and chest muscles 



