DUNGANNON 



2726 



DUNKIRK 



Dunfermline. The New Abbey Church, built in 1821 



on the site of the old abbey, of which a tower and 



some remains are seen on the right 

 partly demolished by Edward 1, 

 and except for the nave, which 

 did duty as the parish church till 

 1821, was destroyed by the Re- 

 formers in 1560. In Pittencrieff 

 Glen, which, with the estate and an 

 endowment yielding 25,000 per 

 annum, were presented to the burgh 

 in 1903 by Andrew Carnegie, a 

 native, are the ruins of Malcolm 

 Canmore's castle and palace. The 

 garden city between Dunfermline 

 and Rosyth is a famous example of 

 town planning. The town is 

 celebrated for its table-linen, and is 

 also engaged in ironfounding, dis- 

 tilling, bleaching, and dyeing. Mar- 

 ket day, Tues. Pop. ' 39,886. 



Dung'annon. Urban dist. and 

 market town of co. Tyrone, Ireland. 

 It is 40 m. W. of Belfast on 

 the G.N.I.R. It was the ancient 

 residence of the O'Neills, titular 

 kings of Ulster, who founded 

 castles and an abbey of which no 

 traces remain. There is a grain 

 trade and linen and muslin manu- 

 factures. It returned two members 

 to the Irish Parliament, and from 

 1601 to 1885 was represented by 

 one in the Parliament in London. 

 Market day, Thurs. Pop. 3,830. 



Dungaree. Name given to a 

 coarse Indian calico. From it 

 comes the word dungarees, applied 

 to trousers of this material. 



It exports agricul- 

 tural produce and 

 has woollen mills. 

 Its fisheries are 

 important. There 

 are two R.C. 

 churches, a Pro- 

 testant church, 

 two convents and 

 a monastery, and 

 remains of a 7th 

 century Augus- 

 tinian abbey, of a 

 castle built by 

 King John, and, 

 at Abbeyside, of 

 the castle of the 

 McGraths. Mar- 

 ket days, Tues. and Sat. Pop. 4,977. 

 Dung Beetle OR DOB BEETLE 

 (Geotrupes stercorarius). Common 

 British beetle belonging to the 

 family Scarabeidae. It feeds upon 

 dung, in which it deposits its eggs 

 as a feeding site for the future 

 larvae, 



Dung Beetle, Geo- 

 trupes stercorarius 



Low promontory 



Dungarpur. Native state of 

 Central India, in Rajputana. It is 

 bounded on the N. by Udaipur. 

 The surface is wild and rugged in 

 the N. and E., the remaining por- 

 tions being made up of jungle 

 forest, stony tracts, and a little 

 arable land. The chief rivers are 

 the Mahi and Som. Products are 

 stone and timber. The ruler is a 

 maharawal, entitled to a salute 

 of 15 guns. The chief towns are 

 Dungarpur (the capital), Sagwara, 

 and Gailiakot. Area, 952 sq. m. 

 Pop. 159,192, Hindus and Animists. 



Dungarvan. Urban dist. and 

 market town of Waterford, Ireland. 

 It stands at the mouth of the Colli- 

 gan on Dungarvan Bay, 28 m. S. W. 

 of Waterford by the G.S. & W.R. 



thus 



doing useful 

 work as a scav- 

 enger. Metallic 

 black in colour, 

 and an inch 

 long, it is often 

 seen flying 

 about at dusk 

 in summer, 

 when it makes 

 a rather loud 

 droning sound. 



Dungeness. x 



on the S. coast of Kent, England. 

 It has a lighthouse, coastguard 

 station, Lloyds' signalling station, 

 and small fort. The scene of many 

 wrecks, it was off here that Tromp 

 defeated Blake in 1652 during the 

 first Dutch war. 



Dungeness. Town and port of 

 entry of Queensland, Australia. It 

 stands on Hinchinbrook Channel, 

 935 m. N. of Brisbane, and is the 

 port for the traffic, chiefly sugar 

 exporting, on the Herbert river. 

 Pop. (district), 7,000. 



Dungeon. Name for a prison, 

 especially a prison in a castle. It 

 is derived from the Norman word 

 donjon, meaning a keep, in which 

 part of the castle the prisons 

 usually were. See Castle ; Prison. 



Dungog. Town in Durham eo., 

 New South Wales, Australia. It is 

 situated on the Williams river, 

 which flows between Durham and 

 Gloucester counties, in a dairying 

 and maize district. There is a coach 

 service to Sydney, 156 m. distant. 

 Pop. 1,712. 



Dunite. Massive granular crys. 

 talliiie rock, a species of peridotite. 

 It consists almost wholly of opaque 

 olivine, with some chromic iron, 

 and is named from Dun Mt., near 

 Nelson, New Zealand, which is 

 surmounted by this rock. It occurs 



also in Andalusia, Scotland, and 

 Kentucky. 



Dunkeld. Market town of 

 Perthshire, Scotland. It stands 

 on the Tay, here spanned by a 

 7-arched bridge, 15 \ m. N.W. of 

 Perth by the Highland Rly. The 

 chief object of interest is the 

 ruined cathedral, presented to the 

 nation in 1918 by the duke of 

 Atholl. This was built in the llth 

 or 12th century, but was partially 

 destroyed at the Reformation. 

 The ruins include a beautiful nave, 

 a chapter house, and a tower, as well 

 as the choir, which has beenrestored 

 to serve as the parish church. Near 

 is Dunkeld House, a residence of 

 the duke of Atholl. The town has 

 a modern town hall, and in the 

 market square is a fountain com- 

 memorating a duke of Atholl. A 

 mile away, across the Tay, is 

 Birnam. 'Pop. 600. 



Dunkers OR TUNKERS (Ger., 

 dippers). Sect of Baptists founded 

 in Germany by Andrew Mack, in 

 1708. About 1720 they fled under 

 persecution to America, where 

 their leader, Conrad Peysel, founded 

 a settlement at Ephrata, about 50 

 m. from Philadelphia. Men and 

 women dwelt apart, marriage was 

 forbidden, and strict vegetarianism 

 practised. Divided into three sects, 

 the Dunkers have numerous inde- 

 pendent congregations in the U.S. A. 

 Dunkery Beacon. Hill on Ex- 

 moor, Somersetshire, England. 

 About 5 m. S. of Porlock, it is 1,707 

 ft. high, the highest point on the 

 moor. It is 12 m. in circumference, 

 its slopes are covered with trees, 

 and on the summit is a large cairn. 

 The lighting of the beacon on Dun- 

 kery is described in Lorna Doone. 

 Dunkirk OR DUNKERQUE. Sea- 

 port of France. It stands on the 

 Strait of Dover, near the Belgian 

 boundary, in the 

 dept. of Nord, 

 40 m. N.W. of 

 Lille. The flat 

 district around it 

 is called the Wat- 

 teringues. It is 

 still rather a 

 Flemish than a 

 French town. 

 One of the chief 

 ports of the coun- 

 try, it has an 

 outer and an in- 

 Dunkirkarms ner harbour, large 

 floating basins, dry docks, quays, 

 and ample accommodation of all 

 kinds for shipping. Normally the 

 port exports the coal of Belgium and 

 north-eastern France, the manu- 

 factures of the industrial region 

 therein, and the agricultural pro- 

 duce of other adjacent areas. Wool 

 is a main import. Shipbuilding is 

 carried on, while other industries 



