DUNKIRK 



2727 



DUNMOW 



Dunkirk. West front of the church 

 of S. Eloi 



include the manufacture of machi- 

 nery, soap, and the shipping acces- 

 sories. There are oil refineries, 

 saw mills, and flour mills. Steamers 

 regularly ply between here and 

 London, Hull, and other ports 



The old buildings include the 

 church of S. Eloi, with a modern 

 facade and a detached belfry, and 

 the pilgrim chapel of Notre Dame 

 des Dunes. The church of S. 

 Jean-Baptiste dates from the 15th 

 century. On the Place Jean Bart 

 is a statue of the seaman of that 

 name. Outside the old town are 

 S. Pol-sur-Mer and Rosendael. 

 Malo-les-Bains is a watering-place. 



Dunkirk, meaning the church in 

 the Dunes, was at first two small 

 settlements around chapels named 

 after S. Eloi and S. Gilles. It was 

 taken and retaken by France and 

 Spain, it having passed to the 

 latter country with the other lands 

 of the duke of Burgundy. From 

 1658-62 it was in English hands. 

 In 1713, by the treaty of Utrecht, 

 its fortifications were pulled down, 

 but later in the 18th century it 

 again took its place as ? seaport 

 and a fortress. It was besieged 

 by the English in 1793. During 

 the Great War Dunkirk was heavily 

 bombed by air, and bombarded 

 from sea and land. Pop. 38,925. 



Dunkirk. City of New York, 

 U.S.A., in Chautauqua co. A port 

 of entry on Lake Erie, it is 40 m. 

 S.W. of Buffalo, on the Lake Shore 

 and Michigan Southern and other 

 rlys. Industrial establishments in- 

 clude locomotive and gas-engine 

 works, and agricultural implement 

 and shirt factories. Settled in 

 1 809, it was chartered as a city in 

 1880. Pop. 2L310. 



Dunlin OR Ox BIRD (Tringa 

 alpina). Species of shore bird 

 belonging to the Sandpiper group. 

 It breeds rather rarely in Great 



Britain, and is usually seen about 

 estuaries. It is about 8 ins. long, 

 and greyish coloured in winter, but 

 in the breeding season the male is 

 clad in chestnut and black. 



Dunlop, JOHN BOYD (1839- 

 1921). Irish inventor. After train- 

 ing, he began to practise as a veterin- 

 ary surgeon at Belfast. About 1888 

 the idea of an inflated tire occurred 

 to him. This Dunlop tire was 

 placed on the market by the Pneu- 

 matic Tyre and Booth's Cycle 

 Agency. A patent was taken out 



for the wire p , , 



edge attach- i 

 ment by the 

 Dunlop Rubber \ 

 Co. This expired ! 

 in 1904. He died 

 Oct. 23, 1921. See 

 Cycling; Tire. 



Dunmore. 

 Borough of 

 P e n n s ylvania, 

 U. S. A., i n 

 Lackawanna co. 

 Adjoining 

 Scranton on the 

 N.E., it is served 

 by the Erie and 

 other rlys. In 

 an anthra cite 

 coal district, it 



has rly. workshops, and manufac- 

 tures silk and bricks. Settled in 

 1835, it was incorporated as a 

 borough in 1862. Pop. 19,750. 



Dunmore, EARL or. Scottish 

 title borne by the family of Murray 

 since 1686. The 

 first earl was 

 Lord Charles 

 Murray, a 

 younger son of 

 the marquess 

 of Atholl, 

 made baron, 



who succeeded in 1907, gained dis- 

 tinction as a soldier. He won the 

 V.C. in 1897, and in the S. African 

 War commanded a battalion of 

 yeomanry. He served also in the 

 Great War. The earl's eldest son is 

 known as Viscount Fincastle. The 

 family seat is in the Isle of Harris, 

 and the extensive estates are 

 mainly in the Highlands and islands. 

 Dunmore, JOHN MUHRAY, 4TH 

 EARL OF (1732-1809). British ad- 

 ministrator. Son of William, the 

 3rd earl, he succeeded to the title in 



Dunkirk. 



The old part of the docks, seen from the Tour 

 de Leughenaer 



viscount, and 

 earl in 1686. 

 William, the 

 3rd earl, shared 



8th Earl of Dunmore, 

 British soldier 



Elliott A Fry 



in the rebellion of 1745, but was 

 pardoned, and his grandson, the 

 5th earl, was in 1831 made a peer of 

 the U.K. Alexander, the 8th earl. 



Great Dunmow. 



1756 and was a Scottish represen- 

 tative peer from 1761-69. In 1770 

 he went to America as governor of 

 New York and in 1771 Virginia was 

 placed also under his authority. In 

 1774 he became involved in a 

 struggle with the Indians, often 

 called Dunmore's War, and a little 

 later he carried on a civil war with 

 the Virginians. He returned to 

 England in 1776 and from 1787-96 

 was governor of the Bahama 

 Islands. He died in May, 1809. 



Dunmow, GREAT. Parish and 

 market town of Essex, England. 

 It stands on the Chelmer, 8 m. W. 

 of Braintree by the G.E.R. Roman 

 remains have been unearthed here. 

 Market day, Tues. Pop. 2,792. 



Dunmow, LITTLE. Parish and 

 village of Essex, England. It 

 stands on the Chelmer, If m. S.E. 

 of Great Dunmow. 

 It is celebrated 

 for the custom 

 of presenting a 

 flitch of bacon to 

 any married 

 couple who can 

 give satisfactory 

 proof that they 

 have not re- 

 pented of their 

 m arriage for a 

 year and a day 

 after its celebra- 

 tion. The cus- 

 tom has been 

 revived in recent 

 Main street of the Essex market town years. Pop. 320. 



