DUNROBIN CASTLE 



2729 



DUNS SCOTUS 



for the colonies. He was in early 

 life a war correspondent in Abys- 

 sinia, in Paris 1870, and in 1900 he 

 went to S. Africa. He was at one 

 time chairman of the Irish Reform 

 Association and chairman of the 

 Irish land conference, 1 902-3. The 

 earl's seats are Adare Manor, 

 Limerick, and Dunraven Castle, 

 Glamorganshire. 



Dunrobin Castle. Seat of the 

 duke of Sutherland, Sutherland- 

 shire, Scotland. Beautifully situ- 

 ated on Dornoch Firth, it is one 

 of the oldest inhabited mansions in 

 Great Britain, the earliest portion 

 dating from the 13th century. The 

 main building, however, is modern. 

 In the well-wooded grounds are two 

 " brochs " or circular towers, and 

 a museum of antiquities. Dunrobin 

 Glen has a picturesque waterfall. 



Duns. Police burgh, county and 

 market town of Berwickshire, Scot- 

 land. 55 m. S.E. of Edinburgh by 

 the N.B.R. The original town of 

 Duns or Dunse was situated on 

 Duns Law (713 ft.), which has 

 traces of the encampment set up 

 by the Covenanters in 1639. Linen 

 is manufactured. Market day,Tues. 

 Pop. 3,042. 



Dunsany, BARON. Irish title 

 borne since 1439 by the family of 

 Plunkett. The first baron was Sir 

 Christopher Plunkett, a landowner 

 in co. Meath, from whom the title 

 passed to his son and other suc- 

 cessors. Randal, the llth baron, 

 was outlawed for adhering to 

 James II, but this disability was 

 removed, and his successors in- 

 herited his title and estates. 

 Dunsany is in Meath, 7 m. from 

 Trim. Its old castle, which became 

 the property of Sir Christopher 

 Plunkett, has been replaced by a 

 modern building in the Gothic style. 



Dunsany, EDWARD JOHN MORE - 

 TON DRAX PLUNKETT, ISTH BARON 

 (b. 1878). British author. Born 

 July 24, 1878, 

 he was edu- 

 cated at Eton 

 and Sand- 

 hurst, and 

 held a com- 

 mission in the 

 C o 1 d s t r earn 

 Guards. He 

 served during 

 the S. African 

 War, and also 

 in the Great 

 War. His travels in the Far East 

 helped to give colour to some of his 

 imaginative writings. His works 

 include Time and the Gods, 1906 ; 

 The Sword of Welleran, 1908 ; The 

 Book of Wonder, 1912 ; Fifty-one 

 Tales, 1915; Unhappy Far-pff 

 Things, 1919; Tales of Three 

 Hemispheres, 1920 , and several 

 plays, including The Glittering 



Dunrobin Castle, Sutherlandshire. View of the castle 



from the south-west, showing the 13th century walls 



and turrets 



taught me, Co- 

 logne holds me). 

 The writings of 

 Duns Scotus tes- 

 tify to his fami- 

 liarity with the 

 works of Por- 

 phyry, Boethius, 

 Aristotle, Plato, 

 and the Arabian 

 and Jewish 

 schoolmen. They 

 concern p h i 1 o- 

 sophic grammar, 

 logic, metaphy- 

 sics, and theology. 

 His c o m m e n- 

 taries on the Sen- 

 tentiae of Peter 



Gate, 1909 ; The Gods of the Moun- 

 tain, 1911 ; A Night at an Inn, 1916. 



Dunsinane. Peak of the Sidlaw 

 Hills, Scotland, 8 m. N.E. of 

 Perth. On it are traces of an 

 ancient fort known as Macbeth' s 

 Castle. Shakespeare has immor- 

 talised the defeat here of Macbeth 

 by Siward, earl of Northumbria, 

 in 1054. See Macbeth. 



Dunsink. Hill and village of co. 

 Dublin, Ireland. It is 4 m. N. W. of 

 the city of Dublin. On the hill (alt. 

 210 ft.) is Trinity College observa- 

 tory, founded in 1785. 



Duns Scotus (c. 1265-1308). 

 Medieval schoolman. Little but 

 legend exists as to his personal his- 

 tory. Often referred to as a native 

 of Duns, in Berwickshire, as in the 

 case of Johannes Scotus Erigena 

 (q.v.), his birthplace is variously 

 assigned to England, Scotland, and 

 Ireland. He appears to have been 

 professor of theology at Merton 

 College, Oxford, to have joined the 

 Franciscans, and about 1304 to 

 have gone to Paris, where, in con- 

 tention with the Dominican up- 

 holders of the teaching of Thomas 

 Aquinas, his dialectical skill won 

 for him the name of Doctor Subtilis 

 (the Subtle Doctor), and where he 

 popularised the theory of the Im- 

 maculate Conception of the Virgin 

 Mary, since 1854 a dogma of the 



Roman Catholic _. , 



Church. Sent to 

 contend against 

 the Beg hards 

 and Dominicans 

 at Cologne, he 

 died there, Nov. 

 8, 1308. His 

 tomb, in the Min- 

 orite Church of 

 S. Pantaleone, is 

 inscribed : Scotia 

 me genuit, Anglia 

 me suscepit, Gal- 

 lia me docuit, Co- 

 Ionia me tenet 

 (Scotland bore 

 me, England 

 adopted me, Gaul 



Lombard are the more often re- 

 ferred to. The edition of his 

 works publ. at Lyons in 12 vols., 

 1639, by Luke Wadding, an Irish 

 Franciscan, is incomplete ; another 

 ed. appeared in Paris, 1891-95. 



While his teaching appears to 

 be no longer binding on Francis- 

 cans, his views have influenced 

 modern theology and philosophy. 

 To him theology was a practical 

 science, faith an act of will, and 

 will the controller of the intellect. 

 Though intentionally orthodox, his 

 philosophy has its effects in modern 

 materialism. An exponent of the 

 inductive principle, he anticipated 

 Bacon and Newton. In logic a 

 quodlibetarian, one who, stating 

 the pros and cons of an argument, 

 leaves his hearers to draw their 

 own conclusions, he influenced the 

 modern doctrine of conceptualism. 



From Duns Scotus and Thomas 

 Aquinas arose respectively the 

 schools of Scotists and Thomists, 

 opposed especially in regard to 

 the Immaculate Conception, and 

 generally as to free will, grace, and 

 kindred topics. The Scotist views 

 were later adopted by the Jesuits. 

 The term dunce, originally a Duns 

 man, was applied as a term of con- 

 tempt by Thomists to Scotists. See 

 Aquinas ; Concept ; Nominalism ; 

 Realism : Scholasticism. 



Dunstable. Parish church of S. Peter and S. Paul, part 

 of the priory founded in 1131. See p. 2730 



