DRUM MAJOR 



2697 



DRUNKENNESS 



Henry Drummond, 

 Scottish theologian 



Drum Major. Originally the 

 principal drummer in a corps of 

 infantry who " beat the best drum, 

 had command over the other drums 

 and taught them their duty." He 

 is called the serjeant drummer. 

 The ranks of drum major, trumpet 

 major, and pipe major were abol- 

 ished in 1881. See illus., p. 968. 



Drummond, HENRY (1786- 

 1860). British banker and politi- 

 cian, one of the founders of the 

 Irvingite or Catholic Apostolic 

 Church. He was educated at Har- 

 row and Christ Church, Oxford, 

 became a partner in his father's 

 bank, in 1810 was elected M.P. for 

 Plympton Earls, and from 1847 till 

 his death sat for W. Surrey. He 

 founded the chair of political econ- 

 omy at Oxford, 1825. He died at 

 Albury, Surrey, Feb. 20, 1860. 



Drummond, HENRY (1851- 

 1897). Scottish theological writer 

 and scientist. Bora at Glenelen, 



.. mmm Stirling, Aug. 



1 17, 1851, of an 

 * evangelical 

 family, he was 

 educated a t 

 Crieff; at Edin- 

 burgh, where 

 he studied 

 >logy under 

 iikie, and at 

 Tubingen. He 

 was trained for 

 Lafayette the ministry at 



New College, Edinburgh, but did 

 not adopt the title of minister. 

 From 1873-75 he worked with 

 D. L. Moody and I. D. Sankey, 

 was appointed in 1877 lecturer on, 

 and in 1884 professor of, natural 

 science at the Free Church College, 

 Glasgow. He held this appoint- 

 ment until his death, at Tunbridge 

 Wells, March 11, 1897. 



In the intervals of extensive 

 travel he devoted himself to mis- 

 sion work, particularly among 

 young men, and to the organization 

 of the Boys' Brigade. His attempts 

 to reconcile science and theology, 

 as expressed in his Natural Law 

 in the Spiritual World, 1883, and 

 The Lowell Lectures on the Ascent 

 of Man, 1894, are now regarded as 

 heterodox, but with his Tropical 

 Africa, 18S8, and other works, 

 these books enjoyed a large circu- 

 lation in Europe and the U.S.A. 

 See Life, George A. Smith, 1899. 



Drummond, JAMES (1835- 

 1918). British theologian. He was 

 born at Dublin and was educated 

 at Trinity College. In 1860 he 

 became colleague to the Rev. W. 

 Gaskell, husband of the authoress 

 of Cranford, at Cross Street Chapel, 

 Manchester, and in 1869 he was ap- 

 pointed professor of Biblical and 

 Historical Theology at Manchester 

 New College, London. He became 



principal in 1885 in suceession 

 to Dr. James Martineau, and held 

 this position until 1906. In 1889 

 the college was removed to Oxford. 

 He was the author of many theo- 

 logical and expository works. He 

 also wrote the Life and Letters of 

 James Martineau, 1902, to which 

 his colleague, C. B. Upton, con- 

 tributed the section on Martineau' s 

 Philosophy. Drummond died at 

 Oxford, June 13, 1918. 

 . Drummond, SIR JAMES ERIC 

 (b. 1876). British diplomatist. He 

 was born Aug. 17, 1876, a younger 

 son of the 

 14th earl of 

 Perth, edu- 

 cated at Eton, 

 and entered 

 the Foreign 

 Office in 1900, 

 in 1906 being 

 appointed 

 private secre- 

 Sir J. Eric Drummond, tar y to the 

 British diplomatist under . secre . 



tary. In 1912 he became private 

 secretary to H. H. Asquith, then 

 prime minister; but in 1915 he 

 returned to the Foreign Office. 

 Knighted in 1916, he became in 

 1919 the first secretary-general to 

 the League of Nations. 



Drummond, THOMAS (1797- 

 1840). British engineer and ad- 

 ministrator. Born in Edinburgh, 

 Oct. 10, 1797, he was educated at 

 the Edinburgh High School and at 

 the Royal Military Academy, Wool- 

 wich, and in 1815 entered the Royal 

 Engineers. Having obtained a post 

 on the trigonometrical survey of 

 Great Britain in 1820, he invented 

 the " Drummond Light," a lime- 

 light contrivance for long -distance 

 surveying, and also an improved 

 form of heliostat. From 1835^0 

 he was under- secretary for Ireland. 

 He died at Dublin" April 15, 

 1840. See Life and Letters, R. B. 

 O'Brien, 1889. 



Drummond, WILLIAM (1585- 

 1649). Scottish poet. He was born 

 at Hawthornden, near Edinburgh, 

 Dec. 13, 1585, the son of Sir John 

 Drummond, and descendant of the 

 mother of James I of Scotland. 

 Educated in Edinburgh and France, 

 he studied for the law, but on his 

 father's death in 1610 settled down 

 at Hawthornden to the companion- 

 ship of his books, the pursuit of 

 his hobby of mechanical invention, 

 and his writings. His best work is 

 in his sonnets, in which he followed 

 closely Italian models. He inven- 

 ted the metre adopted by Milton 

 for his Hymn to the Nativity. He 

 was one of the first Scottish poets 

 to write in pure English. The 

 best example of his prose is 

 A Cypress Grove, 1623, a medita- 

 tion on death. 



William Drummond, 

 oi Hawthornden 



Scholar and Platonist, he was a 

 sincere royalist. The outstanding 

 incident of his life is the visit Ben 

 Jonson paid to him in the winter of 

 1618-19, his Notes on which, pub- 

 lished in 1842, 

 have been the 

 cause of much 

 controversy. 

 He died Dec. 4, 

 1649. In 1893 

 a memorial to 

 him w as erected 

 a t Lasswade, 

 where he was 

 buried. See 

 Life, David 



After Jansen MaSSOU, 1873; 



Poetical Works and A Cypress 

 Grove,ed.L.E.Kastner,2vols.,1913. 



Drummond Castle. Scottish 

 seat of the earl of Ancaster. The 

 ancient home of the family of Drum- 

 mond, it is in Strathearn, Perth- 

 shire, 2 m. S. of Crieff. Parts of 

 it date from the 15th century. 



Drummond's Bank. London 

 bank. It was established in 1717 

 by a Scotsman, Andrew Drum- 

 mond, who had settled in London 

 as a goldsmith. It remained in 

 the hands of the family until 1924, 

 and from 1804 was known as 

 Drummond & Co. It was absorbed 

 in the Royal Bank of Scotland in 

 Jan., 1924. 



Drummoyne. Picturesque and 

 rising suburb of Sydney, New South 

 Wales. It is on the Parramatta 

 river, 3 m. from Sydney (q.v.). 

 Pop. 8,678. 



Drunkard's Cloak, THE. In- 

 strument used in some parts of Eng- 

 land during the 16th century for 

 the punishment of drunkards. It 

 consisted of a tub with holes in the 

 sides for the arms to pass through, 

 and was fitted on to the offender, 

 who then had to walk through the 

 streets as an object of public scorn. 



Drunkenness. State of intoxi- 

 cation which in certain cases is an 

 offence against the law. In Eng- 

 lish law, it is no excuse for crime. 

 At the same time, when it is a 

 question of quo animo, or with what 

 intention a man did an act, he may 

 escape because he may have been 

 so drunk as to be incapable of 

 forming any intention at all. Thus, 

 a case of homicide may be man- 

 slaughter if committed by a man so 

 drunk as not to know what he is 

 doing, though the blow may be 

 struck or the shot fired with ap- 

 parent deliberation. If a man takes 

 drink to nerve himself to commit a 

 crime, he cannot escape the conse- 

 quences by showing that he was 

 so drunk as to have lost all inten- 

 tion. It is an offence to be drunk 

 in a -public place or a licensed 

 house, or to be drunk and dis- 

 orderly. An habitual drunkard 



