DRIVING 



2690 



DROGHEDA BAY 



Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, 1874 ; 

 a revised translation of Jeremiah, 

 1906 ; commentaries on various 

 books of the O.T. ; The Parallel 

 Psalter, 1898 ; and Modern Re- 

 search as Illustrating the Bible, 

 1909. 



Driving. Controlling and guid- 

 ing a horse or horses harnessed to 

 any vehicle. The British have 

 always excelled as whips, as is 

 shown by the records of the 

 Brighton road in the times of the 

 Regency and of the coaching 

 period of the 18th and early 19th 

 centuries. But in modern times 

 mechanically propelled are rapidly 

 displacing horse-drawn vehicles, 

 and skilful driving has become 

 rather a pastime than a necessity. 



In driving a single horse the 

 reins should be taken in the left 

 hand, the left or near side rein 

 being held between the forefinger 

 and thumb, and the off-side or 

 right-hand one between the second 

 and third fingers. The arm should 

 be held at almost a right angle 

 across the body, with the hand 

 about 6 ins. in front of the bottom 



Driving. How reins should be held 



when driving a four - in - band ; 



above, hand grip for single reins 



buttons of the waistcoat ; this 

 will enable the right hand to be 

 easily used when it becomes neces- 

 sary to employ both hands. In 

 driving a pair the reins are held in 

 the same manner, but since there 

 are two horses to control instead 

 of one the task is more difficult 

 as they may not pull equally. 

 It is impossible to give in words 

 an adequate description of the 

 manipulation of the reins in 

 driving tandem or four-in-hand; 

 instruction and practical illustra- 

 tion should be sought from an 

 expert. Tandem, the driving of 

 two horses, one in front of the 

 other, attached to a dogcart, was 

 once greatly favoured, but is now 

 seldom seen except at horse shows. 

 The term " hands," of which the 

 novice will hear much discussion, 

 implies the exact weight or pres- 



sure put upon a horse's mouth in 

 guiding him and the give and take 

 of the driver's hand or hands to 

 the pull of the horse. This is more 

 often a gift than an acquirement. 



In Great Britain there are havd 

 and fast rules of the road to be ob- 

 served when driving. The ieft- 

 hand side of the road is always ad- 

 hered to and retained when passing 

 another vehicle coming in the op- 

 posite direction. When overtaking 

 anything going in the same direc- 

 tion, it is necessary to draw to- 

 wards the middle of thu road and 

 pass on the right side. See Horse ; 

 Riding. 



Bibliography. Hints on Driving, 

 C. S. Ward, 1870 : Driving, 8th Duke 

 of Beaufort, 4th ed. 1894 (in Bad- 

 minton Lib.) ; Driving, F. M. Ware, 

 1904 ; The Law of the Road, J. W. 

 Thatcher and D. H. J. Hartley, 1909. 



Driving Band. Metal strips 

 placed round shells. Made of soft 

 metal, usually copper or cupro- 

 nickel, they are secured round the 

 bodies of shells to fill up the 

 grooves of the rifling in the barrel, 

 thus giving the shell a rotary 

 motion and preventing the gases 

 from the propellant charge escap- 

 ing past the projectile. In the 

 early types of shell, of cylindrical 

 shape, for use in breech-loading 

 rifled guns, it was usual to provide 

 a complete lead jacket to serve this 

 purpose, this being superseded by 

 a wide lead band at the centre of 

 the shell. At the present time 

 copper is the metal most used, 

 and generally one narrow band 

 near the base of the shell is suffi- 

 cient, except for very powerful guns. 

 The bands are fitted in grooves 

 turned in the body of the shell, the 

 base of the groove being either 

 roughened or provided with wavy 

 prominences and the band secured 

 being shrunk on. 



In general the driving band is 

 fitted as close to the base of the 

 shell as is consistent with the 

 ability of the steel to resist the 

 base of the shell being pulled off. 

 See Shell ; Windage. 



Drocourt. Village of France, in 

 the dept. of Pas-de-Calais. It is 

 6 m. S.E. of Lens, and was the 

 N. end of the German Wotan, 

 or switch, line which ran S. to 

 Queant, forming part of the Hin- 

 denburg Line. The Drocourt- 

 Queant line was stormed by the 

 Canadians on Sept. 2, 1918, in the 

 fifth battle of Arras (q.v.). The 

 village was captured Sept. 27. A 

 memorial is to be erected by the 

 Canadian Government at Dury, 

 midway between Drocourt and 

 Queant, to commemorate this feat. 

 Dury was captured from the Ger- 

 mans on Sept. 2. 



Droeshout, MARTIN ( fl. 1620- 

 51). English engraver. Probably 

 of Dutch extraction, he came to 

 reside in England some time pre- 

 vious to 1623, in which year was 

 published his frontispiece portrait 

 of Shakespeare in the first folio 

 edition of the Comedies, Histories, 

 and Tragedies. Among other por- 

 traits engraved by him were those 

 of John Foxe, the martyrologist, 

 and John Donne, dean of S. Paul's. 



Drogheda. Mun. bor., seaport, 

 and market town of co. Louth, Ire- 

 land. It stands on the Boyne, 4 m. 



Drogheda Bay, on the E. coast of 

 Ireland 



Drogheda. S. Lawrence Gate, on the 



N. side of the town ; it is believed to 



date from the 12th century 



from Drogheda Bay, and 32 m. N. 

 of Dublin by the G.N.I. R. It has 

 a good harbour and a brisk trade in 

 cattle, sheep, and agricultural pro- 

 duce ; linens, cottons, beer, soap, 

 etc., are manufactured. Market 

 day, Sat. Pop. 12,501. In 1649 

 Cromwell entered the town and 

 massacred its defenders, and it was 

 surrendered by James II in 1690. 

 Pron. Droh -he-da. 



Drogheda Bay. Bay on the 

 E. coast of Ireland adjacent to 

 the counties of Louth, Meath, and 

 Dublin. From Clogher Head in the 

 N. to the Skerries in the S. the dis- 

 tance is 25 m. The estuary of the 

 river Boyne forms a deep indenta- 

 tion useful for coastwise shipping. 



