DUPUYTREN'S CONTRACTION 



2732 



DURAZZO 



Dupuytren's Contraction. 



Condition resulting from chronic 

 inflammation of the palmar fascia, 

 or dense fibrous tissues in the palm 

 of the hand, leading to permanent 

 flexion or bending of the fingers 

 into the palm. It is most often 

 seen in elderly individuals, and 

 is sometimes associated with gout 

 or rheumatism. Continuous pres- 

 sure on the palm as in using an 

 awl has been suggested as a cause. 

 Surgical measures are the only 

 form of effective treatment. The 

 condition is named after Baron 

 Guillaume Dupuytren (1777-1835), 

 a French surgeon. ' 



Duquesne. Borough of Penn- 

 sylvania, U.S.A., in Allegheny co. 

 On the Monongahela river, it is 

 12 m. S.E. of Pittsburg by the 

 Pennsylvania Ely. It manufactures 

 steel. Settled in 1885, it was incor- 

 porated in 1891. Pop. 18,575. 



Duquesne, ABRAHAM, MARQUIS 

 (1610-88). French sailor. Born at 

 Dieppe, the son of a naval officer, 

 he entered the 

 merchant s e r- 

 vice, in which he 

 saw much fight- 

 ing in the war 

 with Spain and 

 won a high repu- 

 tation. Peace 

 having been 

 signed with 

 Spain, he ob- 

 tained a high 

 Swedish navy, 



Marquis Duquesne, 

 French sailor 



position in the 



which he led to victory against the 

 Danes near Gothenburg. Again in 

 France, he won glory in 1680 by 

 compelling the surrender of Bor- 

 deaux. His greatest successes were 

 his two defeats of the Dutch fleet 

 in 1676 off Stromboli and in the 

 Gulf of Catania, where do Ruyter 

 lost his life. Duquesne died on 

 Feb. 2, 1688. 



Dura Mater (Lat., hard mother). 

 Dense fibrous membrane which 

 surrounds the brain and spinal 

 cord. It is the outermost of the 

 meninges or three coverings of the 

 brain. See Brain. 



Durance. River of France. It 

 is formed by the union of three 

 streams that rise in the Alps and 

 unite near Briangon. It then flows 

 in a S.W. direction through the de- 

 partments of Hautes Alpes and 

 Basses Alpes, afterwards forming 

 the boundary between Vaucluse 

 and Bouches-du-Rhone. It joins 

 the Rhone near Avignon, its length 

 being 220 m. The Durance is used 

 to supply Marseilles with water. A 

 canal extends from the river at 

 Pertius to the city, 97 m. away. 



Durand, ASHER BROWN (1796- 

 1886).^ American painter and en- 

 graven - He was born of French 

 parentage at S. Orange, New Jer- 



sey, Aug. 21, 1796. Having studied 

 art, he worked in painting por- 

 traits, history, genre, and land- 

 scape with fair success, and en- 

 graved TrumbulPs picture The 

 Declaration of Independence. He 

 is known as the founder of the 

 American National Academy. He 

 died Sept. 17, 1886. 



Durand, SIR HENRY MARION 

 (1812-71). British soldier. Born 

 on Nov. 6, 1812, he was commis- 

 sioned in the Bengal engineers, 

 and went to India in 1830. He 

 distinguished himself at the cap- 

 ture of Ghazni in the Cabul expedi- 

 tion, 1839, becoming secretary to 

 the governor-general, Lord Ellen- 

 borough, 1841-44. Later he held 

 several minor political posts, and, 

 on the outbreak of the Mutiny in 

 1857 was agent to the court of 

 Holkar at Indore. With only a few 

 troops Durand maintained a foot- 

 hold in Central India. Member of the 

 council of India, 1859-61, he was on 

 the governor-general's council, 

 1865-70, becoming major-general in 

 1867. He died Jan. 1, 1871, shortly 

 after his appointment as lieutenant- 

 governor of the Punjab. 



Durand, SIR HENRY MORTIMER 

 (1850-1924). British administrator 

 The second son of Sir Henry 

 Marion Durand, 

 he was born 

 Feb. 14, 1850. 

 Educated at 

 Blackheath and 

 Tonbridge, he 

 was called to the 

 bar at Lincoln's 

 Inn, 1872, and 



in the following 



year joined the SirMortimerDurand, 

 Bengal Civil British administrator 

 Service. In 1879 EUiotl & Fr v 

 he served as secretary to Lord 

 Roberts during the Kabul cam- 

 paign. From 1880-85 he was 

 under-secretary in the foreign de- 

 partment of the government of 

 India ; from 1885-94 foreign secre- 

 tary in India. From 1894-1900 he 

 was British minister at Teheran ; 

 1900-3 ambassador and consul- 

 general at Madrid; and 1903-6 



ambassador at Washington. His 

 numerous publications include 

 Lives of Sir Henry Durand, 1883, 

 and Sir George White, V.C., 1915 

 He died June 8. 1924. 



Durango. State of N.W. Mex- 

 ico. It lies S. of the state of Chi- 

 huahua, and is mainly mountain- 

 ous, paralleling the Sierra Madre, 

 which penetrates the W. portion. 

 Agriculture is carried on where 

 possible, and wheat, vegetables, 

 cotton, and sugar are produced. 

 The staple industry is mining, and 

 silver, gold, copper, iron, and other 

 minerals are worked, especially sil- 

 ver. Durango is the capital. Area, 

 38,000 sq. m. Pop. 509,585. 



Durango. City of Mexico, the 

 capital of Durango state. Origin- 

 ally called Guadiana, and some- 

 times known as Ciudad de Vic- 

 toria, it stands in the Guadiana 

 valley, 570 m. N.W. of Mexico city. 

 The seat of a bishopric, it has a fine 

 cathedral, a government palace, a 

 public library, a college, and other 

 buildings. A flourishing mining 

 and commercial centre, its indus- 

 trial establishments include cotton, 

 woollen, sugar and flour mills, and 

 foundries. Pop. 34,085. 



Durani. Name bestowed by 

 Ahmad Shah upon his native Ab- 

 dali clan when establishing an em- 

 pire in E. Afghanistan in 1747. It 

 has since become the tribal name 

 of the dominant Afghans. His 

 attempted national fusion by asso- 

 ciating Afridi, Mohmand, Orakzai, 

 Yusafzai, and others under the 

 appellation of Bar Durani failed. 

 See Afghan. 



Durazno. Dept. in Central Uru- 

 guay, S. America. It lies between 

 the rivers Yi and Negro. The 

 surface is diversified and the soil 

 fertile ; many cattle, sheep, and 

 horses are reared. The capital is 

 San Pedro del Durazno, which is 

 connected by rly. with Montevideo, 

 Paysandu, and Brazil. Area, 5,525 

 sq. m. Pop. 54,930. 



Durazzo. Town of Albania, the 

 ancient Dyrrhachium. It stands 

 on the Adriatic, 60 m. S. of Scutari, 

 and is now an inconsiderable place, 



Durazzo, Albania. View Irom the sea showing the landing place and, in the 

 centre, the palace 



