



E Fifth and most trequently 

 used letter, and the second 

 vowel of the English and 

 Latin alphabets. Its chief sounds 

 are those heard in me, the Italian i, 

 and in men, really the short sound 

 corresponding to a in mane. In 

 words like there, here, her, the pro- 

 nunciation is influenced by r. In 

 clerk, Serjeant, e has the sound of a. 

 As a rule, e final is itself mute, but 

 its usual effect is to lengthen the 

 preceding vowel; e.g. mat, mate, 

 butgive,live. When c and g precede, 

 their pronunciation is generally 

 modified, e.g. fence, certain, gender. 



The combinations of e with other 

 vowels represent various sounds : 

 ea usually ee, as in meat, but at 

 times as in bread, head, great, pear, 

 heart ; eau in French words is a 

 long o, as in portmanteau, but in 

 beauty as iu (y>i). Ei is a long a or 

 ee, as in ivcight, deceit, but has a 

 short i -sound in foreign, sovereign, 

 sometimes long as in height, neither 

 (also neether). Eo is a long ee, as 

 in people, but yeoman is an excep- 

 tion ; in words like gudgeon, sur- 

 geon, the sound is almost that of 

 short u or o. Eu, ew have the 

 sound of iu (yu), as in deuce, new, 

 but of o in sew. In ey when accen- 

 ted, the sound is that of a long a, as 

 in purvey, but when unaccented, as 

 in valley, the sound approaches 

 that of short i. Key, like its homo- 

 nym quay, is pronounced kee. See 

 Alphabet ; Phonetics. 



E. In music, the third note of 

 the natural scale of C. E is two 

 whole tones higher than C. See 

 Key Signature ; Pitch. 



E. Class of British submarine. 

 Begun in 1911, the E submarines 

 were the latest in commission 



when the Great War broke out, 

 and were nuni bered 1 to 23. Their 

 dimensions varied, but the usual 

 armament was 4 to 5 torpedo 

 tubes, two 3 -in. guns their sur- 

 face speed was calculated as 16 

 knots, and submerged speed as 

 10 knots. See Submarine. 



E 3. British submarine. She 

 was commanded by Lieut. -Com- 

 mander G. F. Cholmondeley, and 

 was sunk in the North Sea Oct. 18, 

 1914. She was the first British sub- 

 marine destroyed by enemy action 

 during the Great War. 



Ell. British submarine. Com- 

 manded by Lieut. -Commander 

 Martin E. Nasmith, she took part 

 in operations in the Heligoland 

 Bight in 1914. On May 26, 1915, 

 she forced her way into the Sea of 

 Marmora, torpedoed a store-ship 

 off Constantinople, and sunk other 

 enemy craft, including a transport. 

 For his share in these exploits 

 Nasmith was awarded the V.C. 



E 14. British submarine. She 

 was sunk by gunfire off Kum Kale, 

 Dardanelles, on Jan. 28, 1918; seven 



of her crew were made prisoners, 

 and her commander, Lt.-Comdr. 

 G. S. White, was posthumously 

 awarded the V.C. E 14 was one of 

 the submarines that in April-May, 

 1915, dived under minefields into 

 the Sea of Marmora, and destroyed 

 Turkish armed ships. Her comman- 

 der, E. C. Boyle, received the V.C. 



E 15. British submarine. On 

 April 17, 1915, she grounded on 

 Kephez Point while trying to get 

 through the Dardanelles. Ten of 

 her crew were lost, and three officers 

 and 21 men taken prisoner by the 

 Turks. Two picket boats from Brit- 

 ish warships on the night of April 

 18 blew up the submarine to pre- 

 vent her falling into enemy hands. 



E 22. British submarine. She 

 was sunk by German warships in 

 the North Sea, April 25, 1916. Two 

 of the submarine's crew were 

 rescued and made prisoner. 



E. & O.E. Abbrev. for the com- 

 mercial term errors and omissions 

 excepted. It is commonly used 

 when sending an account to a 

 customer or client. 



E Class submarine. 



One of the type in the British Navy built 1911-14 



Cribb, Sowlhsea 



