r 



EARN 



2762 



Earn. View of the loch looking eastward from Locbearnhead 



during the Ice Age. Scott's Legend 

 of Montrose introduces Ardvorlich 

 House, on its shore, as Darnlin- 

 varach. 



Earn. River of Perthshire, Scot- 

 land. It issues from Loch Earn and 

 flows E. for 46 m. across Strathmore 

 to the Tay, which it enters 2 m. 

 N.E. of Abernethy. Salmon, trout, 

 and other fish abound. It is subject 

 to floods, but small vessels, not 

 exceeding 50 tons, can approach 

 Bridge of Earn. 



Earnest. Name given to a sum 

 of money paid on account in order 

 to show the good faith of the buyer. 

 Such payments are recognized in 

 English law, and also in other 

 codes, the fact that such has been 

 made being taken as proof that a 

 contract has been entered into. 

 Strictly speaking, earnest is not part 



payment, although it has some 

 similarity with the arrha of Roman 

 law which was such. Sec Contract. 

 Earring. Object attached to the 

 ear, usually by passing it or a sub- 

 sidiary ring or hook through the 

 lobe. Its purpose may be amuletic, 

 ceremonial, or ornamental. Un- 

 traceable in the prehistoric stone 

 age, earrings appear early in the 

 metal age in the form of plain 

 bronze and gold bands or wires, 

 sometimes twisted, sometimes with 

 one end clubbed. In the Swiss lake- 

 dwellings, which have yielded hun- 

 dreds of specimens, occurs a double- 

 coil design which survives among 

 the Sumatra Battas. In ancient 

 Egypt the simple hoop developed 

 complex forms, with animal head 

 terminals and gems, partly under 

 foreign influence. 



Earring. 1. Ancient Egyptian, mounted with beads. 2. Gold with jacinth drops, 

 on cither side pierced earrings with emeruld matrix drops, all three Roman. 

 3. Ancient Greek gold earring set with jewels and enamels, c. 400 B.C. 

 (centre) : small Roman earrings of gold. 4. Enamelled Byzantine, set with 

 prnrls. 5. KHh century Italian, pearl set in gold. 6. Left, turquoise, c. 1840 ; 

 right, modern Italian set with seed pearls; above, turquoise, r. 1840. 7. 16th 

 rent, Italian, shaped like a ship in full sail; on either side, 16th cent. Venetian 

 pearl pendants for earrings. 8. Modern Indian, set with diamonds and emeralds. 

 9. Phoenician earring Iroin Tharros. 10. Modern Italian, gold set with seed pearls 



. from Chats on Old Jewellery, by JUac/ver fercival ; and Jewellery, by Cyril Ucionport 

 By courtesy oj T. fither Unwin and Methven A Co. 



Except in Babylonia and Assyria 

 these ornaments were usually con- 

 fined to women. Many O.T, refer- 

 ences to such rings properly con- 

 cern nose-ornaments ; that men- 

 tioned in Isaiah 3 was an amulet 

 The development of design is ob- 

 servable in Mycenae, Troy, Etruria, 

 and S. Russia, through the winged 

 sirens of Greece and the pearls and 

 other jingling jewels of imperial 

 Rome to the massive pendants of 

 the Byzantine age. 



Dormant during the Middle Ages, 

 the use of earrings revived after the 

 Renaissance. Mediterranean mari- 

 ners introduced the single plain 

 gold hoop to the seafaring world, 

 where it is still in favour. In 

 modern India rings may have a 



Earth. Diagram to show the 

 relative sizes of the earth and its 

 satellite, the moon. The white 

 band below indicates the distance 

 between them on a scale where the 

 width of the band equals the earth's 

 radius 



hundred pendant pearls, with sup- 

 porting chains over the top of the 

 ear, or the ear may have 12-13 

 borings, each with a separate orna- 

 ment. Garo women sometimes 

 wear 60 brass rings in each ear. 

 Silver is preferred by Syrian wo- 

 men ; other materials are the iron 

 wire of the Dinka, shell of the Hot- 

 tentots, cuttlefish bone of Formosa, 

 and tortoiseshell of the Solomon 

 Islands. See Mutilation Customs. 



Earsdon. Parish and urban 

 dist. of Northumberland, England. 

 It is 4 m. N.\V. of North Shields, 

 and the inhabitants are employed 

 in the local collieries. Pop. 10,568. 



Earth. Name given to the planet 

 on which we live. It is also used 

 for the soil and other constituents 

 of the earth's crust. The solar 

 system comprises the sun, planets, 

 satellites, comets, asteroids, mete- 

 orites, and the rings of Saturn. 

 The earth is a planet with the moon 



