EASTER ISLAND 



2772 



EASTERN PROVINCE 



Council of Nicaea, 325, fixed the 

 Sunday for universal observance. 

 But for many centuries the diffi- 

 culty of adjusting the Julian 

 calendar to the Jewish system, and 

 of finding the true date of Easter, 

 was acute. As the reform of the 

 calendar in 1582 was not accepted 

 in the East, the Eastern Churches 

 still keep Easter on a different date 

 from that in the West. See 

 Calendar ; Metonic Cycle ; Pass- 

 over. 



Bibliography. Companion to the 

 Almanac, A. De Morgan, 1845 ; 

 Church of Our Fathers, D. Rock, 

 new ed. 1903-4 ; The Ecclesiastical 

 Calendar, S. Butcher, 1877 ; Church 

 Year and Kalendar, J. Dowden, 

 1910 ; The Golden Bough, J. G. 

 Frazer, 3rd ed. 1907-15. 



Easter Island OR RAPANUI. 

 Lonely volcanic islet of the S. 

 Pacific. It is 2,300 m. W. of Chile, 

 to whom it belongs. Area about 

 50 sq. m. ; alt. 1 ,970 ft.; lat. 27 7' S.; 

 long. 109 20' W. It was discovered 

 on Easter Day, 1722, by the Dutch 

 admiral, Roggeveen, although its 

 discovery is claimed for Davis, the 

 buccaneer, in 1686. The few in- 

 habitants are of Polynesian de- 

 scent; Cook, visiting it in 1774, 

 reported them as having the lobes 

 of their ears extended almost to 

 their shoulders. But its chief 

 interest lies in some 500 ancient 

 statues or torsos, stone huts and 

 sculptural rocks, with pictographs 

 (undeciphered) and Megalithic re- 

 mains. Most of the carved faces 

 are very high, one measuring 37 ft. 

 Examples of these sculptures are 

 to be seen at the British Museum. 

 Attempts at deciphering some 

 incised wooden tablets, called hylo- 

 glyphs, have not been altogether 

 successful. The island is now a 

 Chilean convict station. Pop. 

 about] 00. During the Great War 

 it came into notice in connexion 

 with the commerce - destroying 

 raids of the .German auxiliary 



cruiser, Prinz Eitel Friedrich, which 

 towed some of her captures to the 

 island and there sunk them. The 

 crews of certain ships taken by the 

 cruiser were left on the island, 

 Dec., 1914-Jan., 1915. SeeTe Pito 

 Te Henua or Easter Island, W. J. 

 Thomson, 1891 (for Smithsonian 

 Inst.); The Mystery of Easter 

 Island, Katherine Routledge, 1919. 



Eastern Bengal and Assam. 

 Province of India from 1905 to 

 1912. On Oct. 16, 1905, Eastern 

 Bengal and Assam was constituted 

 from the territories formerly ad- 

 ministered by the Chief Commis- 

 sioner of Assam, together with the 

 Bengal divisions of Dacca and 

 Chittagong, and the districts of 

 Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Rangpur, 

 Malda, Bogra, Rajshahi, and Pab- 

 na. It had a total area of 111,569 

 sq. m., including the native states 

 of Hill Tippera and Manipur, and 

 a pop. of 30,961,459 (census of 

 1901). The capital was Dacca. 

 This partition was revoked in 

 1911, when George V announced 

 at the Delhi durbar the recon- 

 struction of Bengal with the pre- 

 sidency of Bengal, the lieutenant- 

 governorship of Bihar and Orissa, 

 and the chief commissioner-ship of 

 Assam. The new division of terri- 

 tory came into force April 1, 1912. 



Eastern Cadet. Name given to 

 certain British officials. They are 

 sent out to the British possessions 

 in the East, Ceylon, Straits Settle- 

 ments, Federated Malay States, and 

 Hong-Kong, to manage the civil 

 affairs of those countries, much as 

 the Indian civil service manages 

 those of India. The service is en- 

 tered by competitive examination, 

 the same as that for first-class 

 clerkship in the home civil service 

 and the Indian civil service. The 

 examination is usually held every 

 August. Candidates must be Brit- 

 ish subjects, between 22 and 24 

 years of age. See Civil Service. 



_; Eastern Church. Term for the 

 "Greek, as distinguished from the 

 Latin or Western Church. It is 

 applied specifically to the Greek 

 Catholic or Eastern Orthodox 

 (Russian) Church, and generally to 

 the churches of E. Europe, Asia, 

 and Africa, including the Nestorian 

 or East Syrian, Armenian, Jaco- 

 bite or West Syrian, Coptic 

 (Egypt), Abyssinian, Malabar (In- 

 dia), and Maronite (Lebanon) 

 Churches. The Eastern Church 

 flourished in the East Roman 

 Empire, claims a greater anti- 

 quity than the Western Church, 

 and was divided into the patri- 

 archates of Constantinople, Alex- 

 andria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and, 

 after the separation of East 

 and West, Moscow. See Greek 

 Church. 



Eastern Province. Name given 

 to several provinces, owing to their 

 geographical position : . ( 1 ) Pro- 

 vince of the Belgian Congo, com- 

 prising the districts of Upper Nele, 

 Lower Nele, Ituri, Stanleyville, 

 Aruwimi, Lowa, Kivu, and Manie- 

 ma. Each district is under a com- 

 missioner and the prov. is governed 

 by a vice-governor. The capital is 

 Stanleyville. (2) Province of the 

 Uganda Protectorate, comprising 

 the districts of Busoga, Bukedi, 

 Teso, Lango, Karamoja, and 

 Lobor. The prov. is under direct 

 administration, with the exception 

 of the districts of Karamoja and 

 Lobor. Included in the area of this 

 prov. are the lakes of Kioga, Kirk- 

 patrick, and Mpologoma. The 

 highest point is Mt. Elgon, which 

 lies on the S.E. boundary; it has 

 an alt. of 14,152 ft. There is a 

 forest on Mt. Elgon containing 

 valuable timber, the area of this 

 being estimated at 50 sq. m. (3) 

 Province of Ceylon. It has an 

 area of 3,848 sq. m. and a pop. of 

 183,317. A large lagoon runs 

 parallel to part of its coast-line. 



Easter Island. Views of some of the prehistoric remains. 1. Typical head showing long ear and pouting lips. 2. Bird-men 



carvings on rocks of Orongo. 3. Statues on the slope of Rano Earaku. 4. Hill of Rano Raraku, with prostrate images 



in the foreground : above are the quarries. 5. Image on Rano Raraku excavated to show the hands 



