EAST INDIAMAN 



2775 



EASTLAKE 



S.E. coast, by another native 

 prince in 1639 ; at Hooghli, on the 

 Ganges delta, 50 years later moved 

 a little lower down the river to 

 Calcutta, by Shah Jehan in 1640. v 



In 1661 the Portuguese gave" 

 Bombay to Charles II as part of the 

 dower of his bride ; he conveyed 

 it to the company, and it took the 

 place of Surat as the western em- 

 porium. The three factories at Bom- 

 bay, Madras, and Calcutta became 

 the nuclei of the three presidencies. 



The company was exclusively a 

 trading concern. It had much diffi- 

 culty in suppressing the embarrass- 

 ing rivalry of independent traders 

 called " Interlopers," who ignored 

 its exclusive charter. In the reign of 

 William III a rival company was 

 actually sanctioned and started, 

 but in 1701 the two were amalga- 

 mated as the Honourable East 

 India Company. In 1746 Dupleix, 

 the governor of the rival French 

 company, attempted to oust the 

 British and establish a French poli- 

 tical ascendancy with the native 

 princes. He was frustrated by 

 Clive, with the general result that in 

 1765 the trading company had be- 

 come the official administrators of 

 the great province of Bengal, while 

 sundry of the great princes were 

 virtually their dependents. 



The home government now be- 

 came alive to a responsibility for 

 the dominions acquired by the com- 

 pany ; the unsuccessful experiment 

 of Lord North's Regulating Act 

 was followed by Pitt's India Act 

 in 1784, which instituted the dual 

 control shared between the com- 

 pany itself and a board of con- 

 trol appointed by a committee re- 

 sponsible to Parliament. After the 

 Mutiny of 1857 the government 

 of India was transferred to the 

 crown, and the East India Com- 

 pany was abolished by the India 

 Act of 1858. See India. 



Bibliography. Annals of the East 



India Company, 1600-1708, John 

 Bruce, 1810 ; The Dawn of British 

 Trade in the East Indies as re- 

 corded in the Court Minutes of the 

 East India Company, 1599-1603, 

 ed. H. Stevens and G. Birdwood, 

 1886 ; Letters received by the East 

 India Company from its Servants 

 in the East, ed. F. C. Danvers and 

 W. Foster, 1896, etc. ; A History 

 of British India, W. W. Hunter, 

 1899-1900 ; The Trade of the East 

 India Company from 1709-1813, 

 F. P. Robinson, 1912 ; The Trade Re- 

 lations Between England and India, 

 1600-1896, C. J. Hamilton, 1919. 



East Indiaman. Name applied 

 to the large sailing vessels employed 

 in the East Indies trade. They were 

 often armed for self-defence. 



East India United Service 

 Club. London club founded in 1849 

 for those connected with the ser- 

 vices, military and civil, in India. 

 Its premises are at 16, St. James's 

 Square, London, S.W. 



East Indies. Popular name 

 loosely applied to India, Indo- 

 China, the Malay Peninsula, the 

 islands of the Malay Archipelago, 

 Sumatra, Java, Borneo, New 

 Guinea, the Philippines, etc. All 

 are described under their respective 

 headings. 



The Dutch East Indies are pos- 

 sessions belonging to Holland. They 

 lie between 6 N. and 11 S. lati- 

 tude, and between 95 and 141 E. 

 longitude. They include the islands 

 of Sumatra, Java, Madura, Celebes, 

 Billiton, Banca, Bali, Lombok, the 

 Sunda Islands, the Molucca Islands, 

 part of Timor archipelago, Riau- 

 Lingga archipelago, and large por- 

 tions of Borneo and New Guinea. 

 The land area is approximately 

 735,000 sq. m., and the pop. 

 48,000,000, with 81,000 Europeans. 

 From 1602-1798 these possessions 

 were governed by the Dutch East 

 India Company, but are now ad- 

 ministered by a governor-general, 

 assisted by a council of five. 



East Kent 

 Regiment badge 



East Indies. Map of the East Indian islands, the land bridges between Asia 

 and Australia 



East Kent Regiment, THE. Re- 

 giment of the British army. For- 

 merly the 3rd Foot, this regiment 

 had its origin in 

 the train-bands 

 of the city of 

 London. Eliza- 

 beth sent a force 

 of them to help 

 the Dutch, 

 which was 

 known as the 

 Holland r e g i- 

 ment. It was after its return 

 to England that the regiment 

 first received the designation of 

 the Buffs, from the colour of its 

 facings. It became a regiment of 

 the British army in 1665. The 

 East Rents .fought in Flanders in 

 1692, and took part in Marl- 

 borough's campaigns, and in some 

 of the battles of the Peninsular War. 

 Later the regiment was engaged in 

 the Crimea, and in China, 1 860. 



The regiment had a splendid 

 record in the Great War. Of its two 

 regular battalions, the 1st reached 

 France in Sept., 1914, joining Pul- 

 teney's third corps. The 2nd, from 

 India, joined the army in the field 

 the following winter. A reserve 

 (militia) battalion reached France 

 in 1914. There were in all ten bat- 

 talions, eight of which saw continu- 

 ous active service. The regimental 

 depot is at Canterbury. 



Eastlake, SIR CHARLES LOCK 

 (1793-1865). British painter and 

 writer on art. Born in Plymouth, 

 Nov. 17, 1793, 

 he was taught 

 drawing by 

 SamProut and 

 history paint- 

 ing by Benja- 

 min Hay don, 

 later attend- 

 ing the schools 

 of the Royal 

 Academy. In . 



1827 he was /^ / L 

 elected A. R. A. 

 and in 1829 '""**'" 

 R.A., and in 1842 librarian to the 

 Academy. 



He was keeper of the National 

 Gallery from 1843-47, and in 

 1850 was chosen president of the 

 Academy, and knighted. He was 

 appointed the first director of the 

 National Gallery in 1855. The Es- 

 cape of Francesco Carrara, 1834 ; 

 Christ Weeping over Jerusalem (his 

 masterpiece), 1841 ; and Sisters, 

 1842, are in the Tate Gallery, 

 London. His Materials for the 

 History of Oil Painting, 1847, once 

 enjoyed considerable vogue. He 

 died at Pisa, Dec. 24, 1865. See 

 Memoir by Lady Eastlake, 1870 ; 

 Pictures by Sir C. Eastlake, with 

 biographical and critical sketch, 

 W. C. Monkhouse, 1875. 



