EASTON 



2777 



EATON HALL 



for making rolls of transparent film. 

 As head of the various Kodak com- 

 panies he amassed great wealth. He 

 endowed the Rochester Mechanics' 

 Institute and the laboratories of 

 the university of Rochester, and in 

 1912 gave 100,000 towards the 

 endowment of that university. 



Easton. City of Pennsylvania, 

 U.S.A., the co. seat of Northamp- 

 ton co. It stands at the union of 

 the Lehigh and Delaware rivers, 



76 m. W.S.W. of New York on the 

 Pennsylvania and other rlys. Near 

 the coalfield, it is a busy rly. and 

 industrial centre, with manufac- 

 tures of silk, textiles, woollens, 

 pumps, drills, stoves, and organs. 

 The seat of Lafayette College, 

 founded 1832, it has a number of 

 schools and a public library. 

 Several treaties with the Indians 

 were concluded here between 1756 

 and 1761. Founded 1750, it was 

 incorporated in 1789, and became 

 a city in 1887. Pop. 32,000. 



Easton' s Syrup. Syrup of iron 

 phosphate with quinine and strych- 

 nine. Each fluid dram contains 

 ^V of a grain of strychnine. It is 

 used as a tonic in cases of anaemia 

 and general debility in doses of to 

 1 fluid dram. It is also prepared 

 in the form of sugar-coated tablets. 

 East River. Channel com- 

 municating between Long and 

 Manhattan Islands, U.S.A. On the 

 N. it is connected by the Harlem 

 river with the Hudson river. Its 

 length is 15 m. and its breadth 

 varies from m. to between 3 m. 

 and 4 m. Four great suspension 

 bridges and numerous ferries con- 

 nect New York proper with its 

 Long Island suburbs. See illus. 

 facing p. 1374. 



East Surrey Regiment. Raised 

 in 1702, this regiment served until 

 1713 as marines at Gibraltar and 

 elsewhere. It 

 then became 

 the 31st Foot, 

 and fought at 

 Dettingen, 

 where George 

 II gave the 

 men their 

 nickname of 

 East Surrey Regi- the " Young 

 ment badge Buffs." In 



1756 a second battalion was 

 raised ; this was numbered the 

 70th, and the two were united as 

 the East Surreys in 1881. The regi- 

 ment fought in America in 1776- 



77 and in the W. Indies in 1793- 

 96. It rendered excellent service 

 in the Peninsular War, especially 

 at Talavera and Albuera. In 1842 

 it marched to Kabul and spent 

 nearly two years fighting in Af- 

 ghanistan ; in 1845-46 it served 

 against the Sikhs, and later in the 

 Crimean War, the China War 



(1860), the New Zealand War 

 (1863), and the Egyptian War 

 (1884-85). Under Buller in the S. 

 African War the regiment fought 

 hard to relieve Ladysmith. 



In the Great War the 1st bat- 

 talion fought with the 5th division 

 in 1914, and distinguished itself at 

 Mons, Le Cateau, at the battle of 

 the Marne, and at La Bassee. It 

 also did fine service at Hill 60. 

 The East Surreys were notable for 

 the charge they made on the open- 

 ing day of the battle of the Somme, 

 July 1,1916. The 9th battalion lost 

 heavily in the preliminary assault 

 on Guillemont, Aug. 16, 1916, and 

 parties of the 13th distinguished 

 themselves at the first battle of 

 Cambrai, Nov., 1917. Men of the 

 East Surreys were heavily engaged 

 in the third battle of Ypres, 1917, 

 and participated in most of the 

 battles of 1918. The regimental 

 depot is at Kingston-on-Thames. 



Eastward Position. Term ap- 

 plied to several observances of the 

 Christian Church, especially to the 

 position taken up by the officiating 

 priest at the celebration of the 

 Holy Eucharist and the practice of 

 turning to the E. at the recitation 

 of the creeds. The position of the 

 priest has been the subject of much 

 controversy in the Anglican Church, 

 consequent on the conflict between 

 the rubric of 1552 and the replac- 

 ing of the altar in 1660. 



In the primitive Church converts 

 at baptism turned to the W. when 

 renouncing the devil and to the E. 

 when confessing their faith in 

 Christ. Thus Augustine says, 

 " When we rise for prayer we turn 

 towards the East." Chancels of 

 churches are usually in the E., so 

 that worshippers, when turning 

 towards the altar, face the E. 

 Similarly arose the custom of bury- 

 ing Christians with the feet to- 

 wards the E. and the face upward, 

 so that at the Resurrection they 

 might be ready to meet Christ and 

 be in a posture of prayer as soon as 

 raised. Pagans commonly wor- 

 shipped with their faces towards 

 the rising sun, and the Christian 

 adoption of the custom gave rise 

 to the charge that they were sun- 

 worshippers (Tertullian). The 

 Jews in exile turned towards 

 Jerusalem when they prayed (Dan. 

 6) and Mahomedans face Mecca. 

 See Oxford Movement. 



Eastwood. Urban dist. of 

 Nottinghamshire, England. It is 

 9 m. N.W. of Nottingham by the 

 G.N.R. Collieries provide the chief 

 employment. Here took place the 

 meeting of colliery owners which 

 marked the first step in rly. con- 

 struction from which the M.R. was 

 developed. Market days, Fri. and 

 Sat. Pop. 4,692. 



Eastwood. Parish of Renfrew- 

 shire, Scotland. It contains the 

 towns of Pollokshaws and Thorn- 

 liebank, and part of Shawlands, 

 forming an outlying suburb of 

 Glasgow. Pop. 24,515. 



East Yorkshire Regiment. 

 Formerly the 15th Foot, this regi- 

 ment was raised in 1685 at the time 

 of Monmouth's 

 rebellion. After 

 serving in Flan- 

 ders (1694-97), 

 it was engaged 

 in Marlbor- 

 o u g h x s cam- 

 paigns, and was 



East Yorkshire ne , of ^"f: 



Regiment badge ments that led 

 the attack at 



Blenheim. In 1758-59 it served 

 under Wolfe in the captures of 

 Louisburg and Quebec. The East 

 Yorkshires did good work in seiz- 

 ing the West Indian Islands from 

 the French both before and after 

 they served against the American 

 Colonists. They fought in the 

 Afghan War of 1879-80, and one 

 battalion was in the 8th Division 

 during the South African War. 



In the Great War the first batta- 

 lion won distinction in the battle of 

 the Aisne, 1914. The East York- 

 shires were very hard hit by the 

 German gas attack at Frezenberg, 

 May, 1915; the 12th and 13th bat- 

 talions showed remarkable skill and 

 courage on the An ere, Nov., 1916. 

 Men of this regiment fought at the 

 third battle of Ypres, 1917, and 

 in the subsequent campaigns on 

 the western front. The regimental 

 depot is at Beverley. 



Eating House. Obsolete term 

 for what is now generally known 

 as a restaurant. It has passed, with 

 cook-house, coffee-house, and din- 

 ing-house, out of ordinary usage, 

 and is now only used colloquially, 

 or applied to the humbler places 

 of refreshment. See Coffee House. 



Eaton, SIR JOHN CRAIG (1876- 

 1922). Canadian merchant. He 

 was born at Toronto, April 28, 

 1876, and was educated at Toronto 

 public schools and Upper Canada 

 College. He became president of 

 the great trading firm of Timothy- 

 Eaton Co., of Toronto and Winni- 

 peg, founded by his father. Knight- 

 ed in 1915, he died March 30, 1922. 



Eaton Hall. Seat of the duke 

 of Westminster, Cheshire, Eng- 

 land. It stands on the river Dee, 

 4 m. S. of Chester. A magnificent 

 Gothic structure, built 1867-80, 

 the fourth on the same site, it 

 stands in a well-timbered de- 

 mesne of 400 acres. The interior 

 is richly decorated, and besides 

 examples of Rubens, West, and 

 Millais, the pictures include a fine 

 collection of portraits of famous 



