EATON SQUARE 



2778 



EBERS 



|| 



Eaton Hail. View from the gardens of the Cheshire 

 seat of the Duke of 



racehorses owned at various times 

 by members of the family. The 

 western portion of the Eaton 

 estate was sold for 330,000 in 1919. 



Eaton Square. Largest square 

 in Belgravia (q.v.), London, S.W. 

 Covering about 5 acres, it has six 

 gardens, is named from the duke 

 of Westminster's Cheshire seat, 

 Eaton Hall (q.v.), and was built 

 1827-53. At the E. end is the 

 church of S. Peter, 1824-26, re- 

 stored 1872, where many fashion- 

 able marriages have taken place. 

 No. 71 was, for a time, the official 

 residence of the Speaker of the 

 House of Commons. 



Eau Claire. City of Wisconsin, 

 U.S.A., the co. seat of Eau Claire 

 co. At the confluence of the Eau 

 Claire and Chippewa rivers, 88 m. 

 E. of St. Paul, it is served by the 

 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, 

 and other rlys. Its buildings in- 

 clude a Carnegie library, the 

 county court, schools, and a sana- 

 torium, and it has several parks. 

 A busy lumber centre, it contains 

 foundries, iron and steel works, 

 paper mills, and canneries. Settled 

 in 1846, it was granted a city 

 charter in 1872. Pop. 18,875. 



Eaucourt L'Abbaye. Village 

 of France, in the dept. of Somme. 

 It lies slightly S. of the Albert- 

 Bapaume road, about 1 m. S. of Le 

 Sars. Captured by the British 

 Oct. 1, 1916, it was retaken by the 

 Germans in March, 1918, and re- 

 covered by the Allies in Aug., 1918. 

 See Somme, Battles of the. 



Eau-de-Cologne. Perfume said 

 to have been invented by an Italian 

 chemist, Johann Maria Farina, who 

 settled in Cologne in 1709. It is 

 believed that the original recipe 

 has never been discovered, though 

 many chemists in Cologne, using 

 the name of Farina, claim to be the 

 sole owners of it. The perfume is 

 prepared from alcoholic vegetable 

 extracts, essential oils, and recti- 

 fied spirits. The usual recipe pre- 

 scribes twelve drops of each of the 

 essential oils, bergamot, citron, 



neroli, orange, and 

 rosemary, with one 

 dram of Malabar 

 cardamoms and 

 a gallon of recti- 

 fied spirits,' which 

 are distilled to- 

 gether. E a u - d e- 

 Cologne is largely 

 made in Great 

 Britain, where the 

 oils are mixed with 

 a highly purified 

 spirit, and distilla- 

 tion is unnecessary. 



Eau-de - Javel. 



Bleaching liquid 

 first made in 1789 

 Chemical Works, 



at the Javel 



Paris. It was the first practical 

 means of utilising the bleaching 

 properties of chlorine. Eau-dc- 

 Javel, prepared by passing chlorine 

 gas into a solution of potash, was 

 also employed as a disinfectant. 

 Shortly afterwards CharlesTennant, 

 of Glasgow, prepared bleaching 

 powder by passing chlorine gas 

 over quicklime, and Labarraque, a 

 French chemist, made a better 

 bleaching liquid, eau - de - Labar- 

 raque, which is a solution of sodium 

 hypochlorite made from sodium car- 

 bonate and calcium hypochlorite. 



Eau-de-vie ( water of life ). Old 

 French name for brandy. The 

 product of a distilled wine was so 

 called in the 13th and 14th cen- 

 turies, and the name is still used. 

 The eaux-de-vie de marc are dis- 

 tilled from wine lees or from the 

 residue in the stills after the best 

 brandy has been made. See 

 Brandy; Fire-Water. 



Eaux-Bonnes. Watering-place 

 of France. In the dept. of Basses- 

 Pyrenees, it is 28 m. S. of Pau. It 

 stands 2,460 ft. high, just where 

 two streams, coming down from 

 the Pyrenees the Sourde and the 

 Valentin meet, and is named on 

 account of its waters. These have 

 been known since the 14th century, 

 and are good for lung and other 

 bodily troubles. Winter sports 

 are held and the place has several 

 hotels. Pop. 622. 



Eaux-Chaudes. Watering-place 

 of France. In the dept. of Basses - 

 Pyrenees, it is 5 m. from Eaux- 

 Bonnes, standing where a stream, 

 the Gave d'Ossau, comes down 

 from the Pyrenees, its valley being 

 one of the most beautiful in the 

 neighbourhood. The town has hot 

 springs hence its name which, 

 being sulphurous, are good for 

 rheumatism, affections of the re- 

 spiratory organs, etc. 



Ebbsfleet. Coast hamlet of 

 Kent, England. It stands on Peg- 

 well Bay, 3 m. S.W. of Ramsgate, 

 and is the traditional landing point 



of Hengist and Horsa in 449-450, 

 and also the place at which S. 

 Augustine and his forty monks 

 disembarked in 597. 



Ebbw Vale. Urban dist. of Mon- 

 mouthshire, England. It stands 

 on the Ebbwfawr, a headstream of 

 the Ebbw river, 21 m. N.W. of 

 Newport, on the G.W., L. & N.W., 

 and Rhymney Rlys. In a busy 

 colliery district, it has large iron- 

 works, iron and steel being here 

 manufactured on a large scale and 

 the coal exported. Christ Church, 

 a modern building in the Early 

 English style, is the chief building. 

 Market day, Sat. Pop. 30,541. 

 Pron. Ebboo. 



Eben,MAX VON. German soldier. 

 He commanded the 2nd Baden 

 dragoon regiment previous to the 

 Great War. In Sept., 1914, he was 

 appointed to command the 10th re- 

 serve army corps, and in 1916 had 

 command of the Bavarian regiment 

 on the Russian front. He had 

 charge of an army in the German 

 thrust for Paris, July, 15, 1918. 

 See Marne, Second Battle of the. 



Ebenaceae. Natural order of 

 trees and shrubs : the ebony 

 family. They have alternate, un- 

 divided leaves, and regular flowers, 

 succeeded by berries. They are 

 chiefly natives of tropical countries. 

 The timber is hard and dark- 

 coloured. See Ebony. 



Ebenezer (Hebr., stone of help). 

 Name of an unidentified spot 

 where the Hebrews were defeated 

 by the Philistines (1 Sam. 7) ; also 

 that of a stone set up by Samuel 

 near Mizpah in memory of an 

 Israelitish victory over the Phil- 

 istines (1 Sam. 4). It is used as a 

 Christian name. 



Eberhard (1445-96). Duke of 

 Wiirttemberg. Born Dec. 11, 1445, 

 a member of the ruling family 

 of Wiirttemberg. he became count 

 of one part of it in 1457. In 

 1482 he secured the rest of the 

 country, and in 1495 was raised to 

 the rank of a duke. By uniting 

 Wiirttemberg and by obtaining 

 support for certain changes, both 

 from the emperor without and from 

 his own nobles within, he is re- 

 garded as the founder of the coun- 

 try. One who shared in the intel- 

 lectual awakening of his time, he 

 founded the university of Tubingen 

 and encouraged scholars. His wife, 

 Barbara, one of the Gonzaga 

 family, shared his tastes. Eberhard, 

 who was known as the Bearded 

 (im Bart), died Feb. 25, 1496, at 

 Tubingen, where he is buried. 



Ebers, GEOKG MORITZ (1837- 

 98). German Egyptologist and 

 novelist. Born March 1, 1837, at 

 Berlin, he studied at Gottingen and 

 Berlin, and early specialised in 

 Egyptology.. To popularise his 



