EDALJI CASE 



2790 



lotions, etc., varies with the type of 

 the condition and the stage it has 

 reached. Pron. ek-zem-a. 



Edalji Case. Beginning in Feb., 

 1903, and continued at intervals 

 until the end of June, a succes- 

 sion of cattle- maiming outrages 

 took place in the parish of Great 

 Wyrley, Staffordshire. At the same 

 time anonymous letters, purport- 

 ing to come from the perpetrators, 

 were sent broadcast throughout the 

 district. It was mainly on the evi- 

 dence of these that George Edalji, 

 a young Birmingham solicitor, was 

 arrested on Aug. 18, 1903. In Oct., 

 1903, he was tried at Stafford, 

 found guilty, and sentenced to seven 

 years' penal servitude. 



A number of persons, including 

 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, R. D. Yel- 

 verton, and Edalji's father, the 

 vicar of Great Wyrley, were tireless 

 in their efforts to draw public at- 

 tention to what they were con- 

 vinced was a grave miscarriage of 

 justice. In 1907 a commission of 

 inquiry was appointed, and on 

 May 17 the Home Secretary ad- 

 vised his Majesty to grant Edalji a 

 free pardon, but without monetary 

 compensation. 



Edam. Town of the Nether- 

 lands, in the prov. of N. Holland. 

 It stands on the Zuider Zee, 12 m. 

 N.E. of Amsterdam. The name is 

 derived from a dam built on the 

 little stream Ye. Edam possesses 

 some old brick houses, and a fine 

 church, S. Nicholas, dating from 

 the 14th century and restored. 

 1602-26. It is noted for its dairy 

 produce, and in particular for the 

 round red-rinded cheese which 

 bears its name. Pop. 6,623. 



Edar OR IDAB. Native state of 

 Gujerat, India, in Bombay pre- 

 sidency. It is bounded N. by 

 Udaipur, E. by Dungarpur, and S. 

 and W. by Bombay and Baroda. 

 Area 4,966 sq. m. Pop. 250,000. 

 The soil is generally fertile, but 

 there are barren and stony tracts 

 near the hills. The principal pro- 

 ducts are mangoes, sugar cane, 

 oil seeds, and various kinds of 

 grain. Its ruler is a maharaja 

 entitled to a salute of 15 guns. 

 Edar, the chief town, is 64 m. 

 N.E. of Ahmedabad. Pop. 6,000. 



Edda. Two collections of Ice- 

 landic literature, known respec- 

 tively as the Elder, or poetical, 

 of Saemund, and the Younger, or 

 prose, of Snorri. The former were 

 discovered by Brynjulf Sveinsson, 

 an Icelandic bishop, in 1643. 

 He attributed them to Seamund 

 Sigfusson (1055-1132), but an 

 earlier date is generally assigned by 

 critics. The Prose Edda was com. 

 piled by Snorri Sturlason (1178- 

 1241 ), and is generally ascribed to 

 the 12th century. 



Eddington, ABTHUR STANLEY 

 (b. 1882). British astronomer. 

 Born at Kendal, Dec. 28, 1882, he 

 was educated at Owens College, 

 Manchester, and Trinity College, 

 Cambridge. In 1904 he was senior 

 wrangler, and became fellow of 

 Trinity, 1907. Eddington then de- 

 voted himself wholly to astronomy 

 and was made chief assistant at the 

 Royal Observatory, Greenwich. 

 There he remained until 1913, when 

 he was appointed Plumian professor 

 of astronomy at Cambridge, next 

 year becoming director of the uni- 

 versity observatory. He wrote 

 Stellar Movements and the Struc- 

 ture of the Universe, 1914 ; Space, 

 Time and Gravitation, 1920. He 

 contributes the article on Stars to 

 this Encyclopedia. See photo, p. xxi. 



Eddoes. Tuberous stems of 

 several species of colocasia, cala- 

 dium, etc., of the natural order 

 Araceae. Though acrid in a raw 

 state, they are used as food when 

 cooked. Colocasia antiquorum, an 

 E. Indian species, is largely culti- 

 vated for food, even in S. Europe, 

 under the name of taro (q.v.). 



Eddy. Swirl in water caused by 

 the meeting of two currents or by 

 some submerged obstacle. A whirl- 

 pool (q.v. ) is simply a large eddy. 



Eddy, MARY BAKER (1821-1910). 

 Founder of the religion named 

 Christian Science and the Church 

 of Christ Scien- 

 tist. Born at 

 Bow, New 

 Hampshire, 

 July 16, 1821, 

 she received a 

 liberal educa- 

 tion, her father 

 being a large 

 landowner. 

 She was mar- 

 ried three times, 

 first to Major George W. Glover, a 

 contractor and builder, in Charles- 

 ton, S.C., who died less than a year 

 after his marriage. Her second 

 husband was D. S. Patterson, a 

 dentist of Franklin, N.H., who she 

 divorced for desertion and in- 

 fidelity in 1873. Her third husband 

 was Asa Gilbert Eddy, who died 

 1875. She published Science and 

 Health with Key to the Scriptures, 

 the only textbook of Christian 

 Science. Her other writings include 

 Miscellaneous Writings ; Unity of 

 Good ; No and Yes ; Rudimental 

 Divine Science ; Church Manual ; 

 Pulpit and Press ; Messages to 

 The Mother Church ; The First 

 Church of Christ ; Scientist and 

 Miscellany ; Christ and Christmas ; 

 Christian Science versus Panthe- 

 ism ; and Poems. Mrs. Eddy died 

 at Newton, Mass., Dec. 3, 1910. 

 See Christian Science ; consult also 

 Life, Sybil Wilbur, 1908. 



Eddystone. Lighthouse on the 

 Eddystone Rocks, a dangerous 

 reef, 14 m. S.W. of Plymouth. 



Mary Baker Eddy. 

 Christian Scientist 



SERVICE ROOM 



LOW LIGHT ROOM 



CRANE & STORE 

 ROOM 



BED ROOM 



LIVING ROOM 



WINCH ROOM 



WATER TANKS 



WATER 



Eddystone Lighthouse. Diagram 



showing sectional elevation and 



plan of base 



There have been four of them. 

 The first, a wooden structure, 

 120 ft. high, by Winstanley, was 

 destroyed by a hurricane in Nov.. 

 1703, three years after its comple- 

 tion. The second lighthouse, 92 ft. 

 high, was erected by John Rudyerd 

 in 1709, and was burned down in 

 1755. The third, a granite building 

 by Smeaton, 95 ft. high, was com- 

 pleted in 1759. It was the first 

 in which the stones were dovetail 

 jointed, and remained a model for 

 other designs till 1877, when it was 

 found necessary to dismantle it, as 

 the rock foundation had become 

 insecure ; the upper sections were 

 transferred to Plymouth Hoe. The 

 present tower, completed in 1882, 

 is located 40 yards from the pre- 

 vious one.; Built of granite, with 

 dovetailed 'stones, it is 168 ft. 

 above low water, and is built in 

 circular sections. The lantern 

 shows a group flashing light of two 

 flashes every thirty seconds, and 

 has a range of nearly 18m. 



Ede. Town of S. Nigeria, W. 

 Africa, hi Yoruba country. It is 

 173 m. by rly. N.E. of Lagos, and 

 lies at an alt. of 850 ft. Pop. 26,577. 



