EDENKOBEN 



At Eden Hall, the seat of the 

 Musgraves, there is an ancient 

 enamelled drinking goblet, known 

 as the Luck of Eden Hall, which, 

 according to tradition, was taken 

 from the king of a fairy band feast- 

 ing near S. Cuthbert's Well in the 

 grounds, who, when departing, 

 exclaimed : 



If e'er this cup shall break or fall, 

 Farewell the luck of Eden Hall. 



In Longfellow's translation of 

 Uhland's ballad, the glass is repre- 

 sented as having been destroyed. 

 The mansion and estates were 

 announced for sale hi 1920. 

 Pop. 256. 



Edenkoben. Town of Bavaria, 

 Germany. In the Bavarian Palatin- 

 ate, it is 6 m. N. of Landau. The 

 chief buildings are churches and 

 schools. There are several manu- 

 facturing industries, while the 

 town trades in wine. There is a sul- 

 phur spring. Near by is the villa 

 of Ludwigshohe. Pop. 5,400. 



Edentata (Lat. edentatus, tooth- 

 less). Order of mammals without 

 front teeth, and in some cases 

 without cheek teeth also. They 

 comprise the sloths, ant-eaters, 

 and armadilloes, all of which are 

 S. American. The pangolins and 

 the aard-vark are sometimes also 

 included hi the order. Where 

 cheek teeth are present in the 

 edentates, they are of very simple 

 structure, have no enamel, are 

 without roots, and continue to 

 grow throughout life. All the 

 genera are land animals, and while 

 the sloths and some ant-eaters live 

 in the trees, the armadilloes are 

 burrowing animals. They are 

 insectivorous, except the sloths, 

 which are vegetable feeders. 



The living representatives of 

 this order are insignificant in 

 number and degenerate in struc- 

 ture compared with those found in 

 a fossil state. Fossil skeletons are 

 found in the Pampa formation of 

 S. America. See Mammals. 



Edessa. An ancient city of 

 Osroene in the north-west of Meso- 

 potamia, on the river Scirtos 

 (Daisan). Founded by Seleucus I 

 and called Antiocheia Kallirhoe by 

 Antiochus IV, after the downfall 

 of the Seleucid empire it became 

 the capital of an independent 

 kingdom from 137 B.C. to A.D. 216, 

 under rulers called by the title 

 Abgar (q.v. ). It then became a 

 Roman military colony, under the 

 name of Colonia Marcia Edessen- 

 orum. After the division of the 

 Roman Empire into East and 

 West, Edessa became an important 

 centre of Christianity. During the 

 reign of Justin I it was destroyed 

 by an earthquake and rebuilt as 

 Justinopolis in 525. It is the 

 modern Urfa (q.v.). 



S. F. Edge, 

 British motorist 



Elliotl& Fry 



2792 



Edfu OR ATBO. Town in Egypt 

 on the left bank of the Nile, 485 m. 

 S.S.E. of Cairo. It is celebrated 

 for its beautiful and almost perfect 

 temple dedicated to Horus, one of 

 the finest Ptolemaic buildings in 

 Egypt ; now that the temple of 

 Philae is submerged this is the 

 best example still to be seen. Edfu 

 is the Greek Apollinopolis Magna. 

 Pop. 12,594.** 



Edgar OR EADGAB (944-75)- 

 King of the English. The younger 

 son of King Edmund, he became 

 king as the result of a rising 

 against his brother Edwy. The 

 brothers were not apparently 

 hostile to each other, but one party 

 wanted Edgar for king and the 

 witan decided that he should rule 

 the land north of the Thames. 

 In 959 Edwy died and Edgar 

 became king of the whole country. 

 His coronation, which did not take 

 place until May. 973, is important 

 in the history of that ceremony. 



It was after this that the king 

 sailed to Chester, and on the Dee 

 was rowed by six or eight vassal 

 kings. At this time he assumed a 

 certain vague overlordship, his 

 authority extending to Ireland, 

 and called himself imperator. He 

 fought against the Welsh, but his 

 reign rightly earned for him the 

 title of the peaceful. He formed a 

 fleet for service against the pirates, 

 and showed zeal in putting down 

 crime. Edgar died July 8, 975, and 

 was buried at Glastonbury. Two 

 of his sons, Edward, called the 

 Martyr, and Ethelred the Unready, 

 succeeded in turn to the throne. 



Edgar Atheling (d. c. 1130). 

 English prince. The son of Edward 

 the Exile and grandson of Edmund 

 Ironside, he was born in Hungary, 

 but was brought to England in 

 infancy. After Harold's death in 

 1066 he was proclaimed king by the 

 northern earls, and in 1068 and 

 1069 was involved in unsuccessful 

 rebellions in the N. of England. Re 

 conciled to William the Conqueror 

 in 1074, he lived at his court hi 

 Normandy for twelve years. In 1097 

 he deposed the Scottish usurper 

 Donald Bane and 

 seated his own 

 nephew Edgar on 

 the throne. He 

 went on crusade in 

 1099 and in 1106 

 was taken prisonei 

 at the battle of 

 Tinchebrai while 

 fighting for Robert 

 of Normandy 

 against Henry I. 

 He was released, 

 but the rest of his 

 life was spent in 



obscurity. He Edgehill. The Warwickshire ridge on which the battle 

 died about 1130. was fought, Oct. 23, 1642 



EDGEHILL 



Edge, SELWYN FRANCIS (b. 

 1868). British motorist. Born in 

 Sydney, N.S.W., he was brought 

 to England in infancy. Having 

 taken up cycling, he became the 

 best 100-mile cyclist of his time, 

 riding at Herne Hill track in 

 5 hrs. 6 mins., and covering the 

 distance from 

 London to York 

 in 12 h. 50 m. 

 One of the 

 pioneers of the 

 motor industry 

 in Britain, he 

 founded the 

 Motor Power 

 Company in 

 1899, and later 

 joined other 

 leading firms, 



including that of Napier, by which 

 name the cars of S. F. Edge, Ltd., 

 were known. He won the Gordon- 

 Bennett International Paris- Vienna 

 race in 1902 See Cycling; Motoring. 



Edgehill, BATTLE OF. First 

 battle of the Civil War, fought be- 

 tween Charles I and the parlia- 

 mentarians, Oct. 23, 1642. The 

 hill is a ridge in Warwickshire, on 

 the borders of Oxfordshire. The 

 king was marching from Shrews- 

 bury to London, and the parlia- 

 mentarians, under Essex, moved 

 across to intercept him. On the 

 morning of the 23rd Essex marched 

 out of Kineton to find the royalists 

 drawn up on Edgehill, about 3 m. 

 away. His artillery had not yet 

 arrived, so he left the initiative to 

 his enemies, who opened the fight. 



Each army was drawn up with 

 the infantry in the centre and 

 cavalry on the wings. On both 

 wings the royalist horse, under 

 Prince Rupert and Wilmot respec- 

 tively, drove the parliamentarians 

 before them and followed them for 

 miles. In the centre, however, the 

 parliamentarians stood firm and 

 the horsemen charged the royalist 

 centre. Only the return of Rupert's 

 following and the oncoming night 

 saved Charles from utter defeat. 

 Charles had about 14,000 men ; 

 Essex about 10,000. 



