EICHHORN 



2830 



EIFEL 



H. von Eichhprn, 

 German soldier 



Silesia, a member of a noble Catho- 

 lic family. He published his first 

 romanticnovel, Ahnung und Gegen- 

 wart, in 1815, but is better re- 

 membered as a poet, his simple 

 nature lyrics having taken their 

 place in German popular song. He 

 served against France, 1813-15, 

 and from 1820-44 occupied various 

 public appointments, and in his 

 later years was distinguished as a 

 Catholic publicist. He died at 

 Neisse, Nov. 20, 1857. 



Eichhorn, HERMANN VON (1848- 

 1918). German soldier. Born at 

 Breslau, Feb. 13, 1848, he entered 

 the Prussian 

 army as a lieu- 

 tenant of the 

 Guard in 1866, 

 served in the 

 Franco-Ger- 

 man War, 

 1870-71, and 

 reached the 

 rank of general 

 in 1912. On the 

 outbreak of the 

 Great War he was one of the com- 

 manders under Hindenburg on the 

 E. front, and operated in E. 

 Prussia and towards the Niemen. 

 In command of the German 10th 

 army, he took Kovno in Aug., 

 1915, and Vilna a month later, 

 being made a field-marshal for 

 these successes. In 1918 he led the 

 German forces in the Ukraine, and 

 for some time was military dictator 

 of that country. His arbitrary rule 

 made him unpopular, and he was 

 murdered at Kiev, July 31, 1918. 



Eichhorn, JOHANN GOTTFRIED 

 (1752-1827). German scholar. He 

 was born at Dorenzimmern, Oct. 16, 

 1752, and in 1775 was appointed 

 professor of Oriental languages at 

 Jena, and in 1788 at Gottingen, 

 where he lectured for the rest of his 

 life. He was the first scholar to 

 suggest that the synoptic gospels 

 have one common source, and was 

 a pioneer of the rationalist criticism 

 of the Bible. He died at Gottingen, 

 June 27, 1827. 



Eichhorn, KARL FRIEDRICH 

 (1781-1854). German jurist. Born 

 at Jena, Nov. 20, 1781, son of 

 Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, he 

 studied at Gottingen and lectured 

 on law at Frankfurt-on-the-Oder, 

 and obtained a professorship at 

 Berlin. He fought against France 

 in 1813, and after 1815 was pro- 

 fessor at Gottingen and at Berlin. 

 In his later years he held high 

 positions in the public service. He 

 died at Cologne, July 4, 1854. 

 Eichhorn is perhaps the greatest 

 authority on the laws and institu- 

 tions of the Germans. Besides his 

 great Deutsche Staats- und Rechts- 

 geschicbte (1808-23) he wrote on 

 private and ecclesiastical law. 



Eichstatt. City of Bavaria, 

 Germany. It stands on the Alt- 

 miihl, 15m. N.W. of Ingolstadt. 

 Its industries include the making of 

 boots and beer, but it is chiefly 

 famous for its old buildings and 

 its episcopal associations, for its 

 bishops were princes of the empire 

 until their lands were secularised 

 in 1802. The cathedral, which is 

 dedicated to S. Wilibald and con- 



Eidograph. Diagram of the instru- 

 ment. The arms bearing tracer and 

 pencil respectively move parallel in 

 all directions, the connecting beam 

 resting on a fulcrum 



tains the tomb of that saint, is 

 largely Gothic, but the towers are 

 Romanesque. Of the other churches 

 the most notable is S- Walpurgis, 

 dating from the 17th century and 

 visited by pilgrims on S. Walpurgis' 

 Day(Mayl). There is a palace where 

 the bishops and later the dukes of 

 Leuchtenberg lived ; this is now 

 used as a law court, while another 

 palace is used as a library and 

 museum. Above the town is the 

 Wilibaldsburg, once also a residence 

 of the bishops, but now a museum. 

 From 1817 to 1855 Eichstatt was 

 part of the duchy of Leuchtenberg, 

 but it was Bavarian from 1802-17, 

 and again from 1855. Pop. 7,900. 



Eider. River of Slesvig-Hol- 

 stein. It rises near Kiel, and flows 

 N.W. and W. across the peninsula 

 to Tonning, where it forms a bay. 

 Its length is about 115 m. Before 

 the opening of the Kiel Canal it 

 was important for navigation. 

 Vessels could go along it as far as 

 Rendsburg, whence a canal took 

 them to Kiel, thus uniting the 

 Baltic and North Seas. This canal 

 developed into the Kiel Canal. 



Eider Duck (Somateria}. Genus 

 of wild duck. Including several 

 species, it is famed for the soft down 

 which it uses for lining its nest. 

 Eiders have comparatively short 

 beaks ; the males have black and 

 white plumage with green mark- 

 ings on the head, while the females 



have mottled brown plumage. 

 The common eider (S. mollissima) 

 is resident in Great Britain through- 

 out the year, but breeds only on 

 the Fame Islands. The king eider 

 (S- spectabilis) and Steller's eider 

 (Polysticta stelleri) are rare visitants 

 to Britain. 



All the eiders are divers, and feed 

 upon shell-fish and small crusta- 

 ceans. They keep to the rocky 

 shores and nest on the ground. It 

 needs about six nests to yield a 

 pound of the famous down. 



Eidograph (Gr. eidos, form ; 

 grapJiein, to write). Instrument 

 for copying drawings, designs, etc. , 

 reduced or enlarged, within limits, 

 to any desired proportion. Some- 

 what on the lines of a pantograph, 

 it comprises a slotted beam adapted 

 to slide in a socket, having its 

 axis in the centre line of the slot. 

 Underneath each end of the beam 

 is a wheel ; the wheels are of the 

 same diameter and geared together 

 by a chain. Sliding in a guide in 

 each wheel is an arm, one of which 

 carries a tracer and the other a 

 pencil, or the equivalent, for copy- 

 ing. The gearing together of the 

 two wheels ensures that the arms 

 will remain parallel for all positions 

 of the instrument. The size of the 

 copy is determined by the position 

 of the beam in the socket. 



Eifel. Mt. range of the Rhine 

 province, Germany, forming an ex- 

 tension of the E. Ardennes. Of 



Eider Duck. Male, black and 

 white ; female, mottled brown 



Eiiel. Castle of Eltz. in tte Eilel 

 range, burnt down Sept., 1920 ( 



low altitude (highest peak 2,500 

 ft.), they trend E. by S. between 

 the Nette and the Ahr rivers 

 towards the Rhine and the Mo- 

 selle. The E. section is known as 

 the Hohe Eifel, the W. section 

 as Schnee Eifel, while the S. part 

 is called Vorder Eifel. NearCochem, 

 on the steep wooded banks of the 

 river Eltz, stood the castle of Eltz, 

 a beautiful medieval building of 

 wood and plaster, burnt down in 

 Sept., 1920. 



