2832 



EISENACH 



the goddess of childbirth, hence the 

 Greek version of the Egyptian 

 name (Nekhab) of the city. The 

 ruins are extensive. 



Eilenburg. Town of Prussian 

 Saxony, Germany. It stands on an 

 island in the Mulde, 15 m. N.E. of 

 Leipzig, and is a rly. junction. It is 

 a centre of the textile industry, and 

 has also a trade in cattle, while other 

 manufactures include chemicalsand 

 agricultural machinery. The castle, 

 after which it is named, dates from 

 the 10th century, but the town, 

 known earlier as Millenamstoll, is 

 older. It was part of Meissen and 

 then of Saxony, in which it re- 

 mained until given to Prussia in 

 1815. Pop. 17,400. 



Eixneo. One of the Society 

 Islands, in the Pacific Ocean. It 

 lies to the N.W. of Tahiti, in lat. 

 17 32' S. and long. 150 2' W, and 

 is a French possession. It is 9 m. 

 long and 5 m. broad ; area, 51 sq. 

 m. The London Missionary Society 

 have a station and a college on the 

 island. In 1903 a tidal wave de- 

 vastated the island and many 

 people perished. 



Einem, ROTHMAIER KARL VON 

 (b. 1853). German soldier. Born at 

 Harzberg in the Harz, Jan. 1, 

 1853, he entered 

 the Prussian 

 army as a lieu- 

 tenant of caval- 

 ry in 1870. He 

 was chief of the 

 staff of the 7th 

 Army Corps in 

 1898, and in 

 1903 became a 

 lieut.-general, 

 and in the 

 latter year Prussian minister of 

 war. In 1907 he was general of 

 cavalry and two years later com- 

 manded the 7th army corps. In 

 the second battle of the Marne, 

 July, 1918, he commanded the 

 third German army which unsuc- 

 cessfully attacked the French, 

 under Gouraud, E. of Reims. 



Einhard OR EGINHARD (c. 770- 

 840). Frankish historian. Born in 

 East Franconia, he was educated 

 at the monastery of Fulda and at 

 the court of Charlemagne, where he 

 was a pupil of Alcuin. He was 

 made secretary and superintendent 

 of public buildings by Charlemagne 

 and was responsible for the royal 

 palaces at Ingelheim and Aix-la- 

 Chapelle. He continued to enjoy 

 favour under Louis, Charlemagne's 

 successor, who entrusted him with 

 the education of his son Lothair, 

 and in 815 bestowed on him 

 the domains of Michelstadt and 

 Muhlheim. In 827, unable to 

 compose the quarrels between the 

 emperor Louis and his sons, 

 Einhard retired from court to 



Karl von Einem, 

 German soldier 



Muhlheim, where he founded a the university of Zurich, and in 



monastery. His wife was Emma, 1911 he left Zurich for Prague, 



the sister of the bishop of Worms, where he was professor of physics 



and not a daughter of Charlemagne, in the German section of the 



as the later legends represent. His university. 



chief works are his Epistolae, and In 1912 Einstein was recalled to 

 his Life of Charlemagne, one of the Zurich as professor of the poly- 

 best biographies of the Middle technic, and in 1914 he went to Ber- 

 Ages, and the source of most of lin as a member of the Academy of 

 our information about the great Science. In 1915 he caused a verit- 

 emperor. His authorship of the able sensation in the scientific world 

 Annales Regum Francorum is by his explanation of gravitational 

 disputed. attraction, based on the wider or 

 Einsiedeln. Town of Switzer- "general" form of his theory of 

 land, in the canton of Schwyz. It relativity, and accompanied by an 

 stands on the Alpbach, 2,908 ft. explanation of the anomalous 

 above the sea, 25 m. by rly. S.E. of motion of the planet Mercury. 

 Zurich. One of the most famous He then made a remarkable 

 pilgrim resorts of the world, it prediction as to the bending of 

 owes its importance to the great light rays from the stars which 

 Benedictine monastery, containing passed close to the sun ; the verify - 

 a miraculous black wooden image ing of this prediction by the British 

 of the Virgin. The abbey was solar eclipse expeditions in 1919 

 founded in 934, but rebuilt in the made Einstein world-famous. Some 

 18th century ; the French sacked scientists place Einstein on New- 

 the place in 1798, but the treasury ton's level. See Relativity; con- 

 and library, with 50,000 vols. and suit also The Special and the 

 valuable MSS., still contain many General Theory: a Popular Ac- 

 precious objects, portraits, etc. count, A. Einstein, 1920. 

 Thronged in the Middle Ages, it Eisenach. Town of Germany, 

 still attracts many thousands of i n the federal state of Thuringia. 



pilgrims annually. Pop. 9,000. 



Einstein, ALBERT (b. 1879). 

 German physicist. He was born at 

 Ulm, in Germany, in March, 1879, 

 of Jewish par- 

 en t a g e. His 

 school days 

 were passed at 

 Munich, which 

 he left at the 

 age of 16 in 

 order to pursue 

 his studies at 



the Zurich 



Albert Einstein, 

 German physicist 



higher techni- 

 cal school 



It stands at the union of the Nesse 

 and the Horsel, 32 m. by rly. W. of 

 Erfurt. The chief secular buildings 

 are the town hall, the palace on 

 the market place, until 1918 the 

 residence of the duke of Saxe- 

 Weimar-Eisenach, and a small 

 castle called the Klemda. The 

 chief churches are the Gothic 

 Market Church and the Roman- 

 esque S. Nicholas. The house 

 where Luther stayed still stands, 

 and there are the Thuringian 

 museum of antiquities, also Bach 

 and Wagner museums. 



The town has a school of forestry 



(1896-1900). In 1901 Einstein was and other schools, as well as a 

 naturalised as a Swiss, and ac- theatre. Before the Great War it 

 cepted a post in the patent office at had an English church. The chief 

 Berne. While holding this position industries are spinning, the build- 

 he published many scientific papers ing of wagons, and the making of 

 dealing with such subjects as the pottery, cigars, beer, etc. Near the 

 Brownian movement, the "quan- Thuringian Forest, the town is visit- 

 turn " theory of energy, and, what ed by tourists. One attraction is the 

 attracted the 

 greatest atten- r 

 tion, the theory 

 of relativity. It 

 was in 1905 that 

 Einstein formu- 

 lated his own 

 theory of rela- 

 tivity in its nar- 

 rower or " spe- 

 cial " form, and 

 this formulation 

 at once raised 

 him to a high 

 place among 

 European scien - 

 tists. In 1909 he 



was appointed 2isenacn . Entrance to the Wartburg, founded in 1067 and 

 professor at 1 until 1440 the residence of the landgrave of Thuringia 



