

ELEPHANT 



2861 



ELEPHANT APPLE 



The Indian elephant is easily dis- 

 tinguished by its massive bulbous 

 head, comparatively small ears, and 

 the presence of four nails on the 

 hind feet. It is dark grey in colour, 

 but is occasionally more or less 

 blotched with white. This elephant 

 is rarely much more than 9 ft. high 

 at the shoulder. It has been known 

 to live in captivity for over a cen- 

 tury, and in the wild state probably 

 attains a much greater age. 



The African elephant has a 

 smaller and narrower head, very 

 large fanlike ears, and only three 

 nails on the hind feet. The molar 

 teeth present differences in struc- 

 ture from those of the Indian 

 species, and the trunk has two 

 finger-like processes instead of one. 

 It also attains a greater height, has 

 longer legs, and a generally less 

 heavy and clumsy appearance. 

 Owing to continuous destruction 



w . 



Elephant. Specimen of Jhe Asiatic elephant in the Zoological Gardens, 



London, showing the whitish markings characteristic of this species. Above, 



African elephant 



Photo of Asiatic elephant by Gambier Bolton, F.Z.S. 



for the sake of its tusks, the African 

 elephant has been greatly reduced 

 in numbers. This elephant is of 

 more savage disposition than the 

 Indian species. Economically the 

 African elephant is valued for its 

 ivory, the Indian for its qualities as 

 a draught animal. 



In 1917 two mature specimens, 

 male and female, of dwarf African 

 elephants were brought to England. 

 They measured about 5 ft. 6 ins. to 

 6 ft. in height. See illus. facing p. 428. 



Elephant. Island of the South 

 Shetlands, Antarctica. The most 

 northerly of the group, it lies S.E. 

 of Cape Horn and Drake Strait. ., 



Elephant, ORDER OF THE. Dan- 

 ish order of knighthood refounded 

 in 1458 from an earlier institution, 



and remodelled 

 in 1693. It is 

 limited to 30 

 knights, exclu- 

 sive of the so- 

 vereign and his 

 sons, and is 

 conferred only 

 upon Protest- 

 ants. The badge 

 is a white ele- 

 phant ; the 

 ribbon is of 

 light blue watered silk. 



Elephant and Castle. Design 

 found in early MSS. and in medie- 

 val times. Elephants carrying 

 armed men into battle were used 

 in the East from immemorial days. 

 They were first encountered by the 



Order of the Ele- 

 phant, Danish 

 badge of knighthood 



Romans during the war with Pyr- 

 rhus in the 3rd century B.c/ Poly- 

 aenus records that an elephant 

 carrying archers in a houdah led 

 the advance iHHBMdiMHB 

 when Julius 

 Caesar forced 

 the passage of 

 the Thames 

 near Chertsey 

 in 54 B.C. 



Caesar Fred- 

 erick, a V e n e- Elephant and Castle 

 tian merchant badge 



of the 16th century, states 

 that the king of Pegu had 4,000 

 war elephants with castles on 

 their backs, and the Cutlers' Com- 

 pany, who had a large trade in 

 ivory, adopted the animal so 

 castled as their crest. 



Elephant and Castle. London 

 tavern in the met. bor. of South- 

 wark, 1J m. from Ludgate Hill. 

 The name is now applied also to 

 the district of which it is the 

 centre. The tavern stands at a 

 point from which six thoroughfares 

 radiate: New Kent Road, Wai- 

 worth Road, Newington Butts, St. 

 George's Road, Londo.n Road, and 

 Newington Causeway. See London. 



Elephanta OR GHARAPURI. Is- 

 land in Bombay Harbour, India. 

 From 4 m. to 4 m. in circumfer- 

 ence, it consists of two long hills. 

 It was so called by the Portuguese 

 from a large stone elephant. The 

 island is famous for its caves orrock 

 temples, supposed to date from the 

 9th century. See illus. p. 1799. 



Elephant Apple (Feronia ele- 

 phantum). Large evergreen tree 

 of the natural order Rutaceae. A 

 native of Coromandel, it has 

 glossy leaflets and white flowers. 

 The fruit is as large as an apple, 

 with a hard, woody rind containing 



