ELMAN 



ELOCUTION 



Elman, MISCHA (b. 1891). Rus- 

 sian violinist. Born at Talnoi, 

 Russia, Jan. 20, 1891, he received 

 -. - mKm - - : his musical 

 JBPiP\, j education at 

 f* \ Odessa and St. 



Ipipll S: * Petersburg. He 

 . made his debut 

 j there in 1904, 

 ' afterwards 

 - appearing in 

 Berlin, Dres- 

 i den, and else- 



Mischa Elman, where. His 



Russian violinist first a p p e a r- 

 ance in London took place March 

 21, 1905 ; in New York in 1908. 

 From the first he was recognized 

 as one of the world's greatest 

 violinists. 



Elmet. Name of a little British 

 kingdom in Yorkshire. It existed 

 in the 6th century and earlier, but 

 was ended when conquered by 

 Edwin, king of Northumbria, about 

 617. Its extent, roughly, corre- 

 sponded to the West Riding. The 

 name was long preserved by the 

 forest of Elmet. 



Elmina OK ST. GEORGE DEL 

 MINA. Small port of the Gold 

 Coast colony, 8 m. S.W. of Cape 

 Coast Castle. Here is a castle, built 

 by the Portuguese in 1482 and suc- 

 ceeding years, taken by the Dutch 

 in 1637, and transferred to the 

 British in 1872, with the other 

 Dutch settlements in West Africa. 

 Pop. 5,091. 



Elmira. City of New York, 

 U.S.A., the co. seat of Chemung co. 

 On the Chemung river, 145 m. S.E. 

 of Buffalo, it is served by the Erie 

 and other rlys. It contains the 

 state reformatory, a federal build- 

 ing, a state armoury, and other 

 public buildings, and among several 

 educational institutions are Elmira 

 College for women, a free academy, 

 and a school of commerce. A busy 

 rly. and industrial centre, it has 

 rly. workshops, iron works, foun- 

 dries, and glass, tobacco, and boot 

 and shoe factories. Settled in 1788, 

 it was incorporated in 1828 and 

 received a city charter in 1864. 

 Pop. 38,275. 



Elmore Process. Method of 

 making seamless copper (or other 

 metal) tubes by depositing the 

 metal by electrolytic action on a 

 bar or mandrel kept rotating in the 

 electric bath. It was devised by 

 J. 0. S. Elmore, an engineer in 

 India, in 1896. A tube so formed 

 would be wanting in mechanical 

 strength if the deposition only 

 were depended upon. Elmore 

 therefore compacted the tube as 

 the deposition of metal proceeded 

 by rotating the mandrel against an 

 agate burnisher, and thus greatly 

 increased its strength. The advan- 

 tage of the process lies in the 



purity of the product and the 

 elimination of smelting processes. 

 See Copper ; Electrolysis. 



Elmshorn. Town of Slesvig- 

 Holstein, Germany. It stands on 

 the Kriichau, about 10 m. from its 

 junction with the Elbe and 23 m. 

 from Hamburg. It is a river port, 

 and has a shipping trade. Other in- 

 dustries including the manufacture 

 of textiles, beer, and boots ; also 

 shipbuilding. Pop. 14,790. 



Elmsley, PETER (1773-1825). 

 British scholar. Educated at West- 

 minster School and Christ Church, 

 Oxford, he showed a remarkable 

 aptitude for study. He was or- 

 dainedjbut devoted most of his time 

 to the study of the classics and won 

 a reputation throughout Europe 

 by his critical work on the Greek 

 tragedians. He wrote for The Edin- 

 burgh Review and The Quarterly 

 Review. In 1823 he became princi- 

 pal of St. Alban Hall and Camden 

 professor of ancient history at 

 Oxford He died March 8, 1825. See 

 History of Classical Scholarship, 

 vol. iii, J. E. Sandys, 1908. 



Elmslie, WILLIAM GRAY (1848- 

 89). British divine. Bornatlnsch, 

 Aberdeenshire, Oct. 5, 1848, he 

 was educated at Aberdeen Univer- 

 sity and New College, Edinburgh, 

 and later studied in Germany. In 

 1873 he became assistant to Dr. 

 J. Oswald Dykes, at Regent's 

 Square Presbyterian Church, Lon- 

 don, and was chosen minister of 

 Willesden Presbyterian Church in 

 1875. In 1880 he was appointed 

 tutor of Hebrew in the Presby- 

 terian College, London, being 

 elected to the professorship of 

 Hebrew and O.T. literature in 

 1883. He died in London, Nov. 16, 

 1889. His son, William Alexander 

 Leslie (b. 1885), a distinguished 

 Oriental scholar, wrote Aboda 

 Zara or The Mishna on Idolatry, 

 1911, and Studies in Life from 

 Jewish Proverbs, 1917. See W. G. 

 Elmslie, Memoir and Sermons, ed. 

 W. R. Nicoll and A. N. Macnicoll, 

 3rd ed. 1890. 



El Mughar , BATTLE or. Fought 

 between the British and the Turks. 

 Nov. 13-14, 1917, and also called 

 the battle of Katrah After captur- 

 ing Gaza, Gen. Allenby pushed N. 

 without delay, and on Nov. 8, 

 1917, struck hard at the Turks 

 from both Gaza and Sheria, Scots 

 and Indian troops advancing along 

 the coast to Deir Sineid, from 

 which the Turks had a rly. to 

 Huj, and Londoners, assisted 

 by yeomanry, taking Huj and 

 Jemmameh. 



Allenby' s objective was the junc- 

 tion station where, from the Central 

 Palestine rly., a branch line ran E. 

 to Jerusalem, possession of which 

 meant depriving the Turkish forces 



in the Holy City of supplies by rail 

 from the N. and the separation of 

 these forces from those on the 

 coast. With the 52nd (Scots) 

 division, Indian, and other troops 

 on his left, next the sea, Londoners 

 and yeomanry in the centre, and 

 Anzacs and other cavalry on his 

 right, Allenby swept forward, occu- 

 pying Ascalon, Ashdod (Esdud), 

 and Tel es Safi (Gath), and on 

 Nov. 13 began a general assault of 

 the position that the retreating 

 Turks had taken up from El Ku- 

 beibeh on the N.W., through El 

 Mughar, to Beit Jibrin on the S.E. 



Most of the country wag open and 

 rolling, dotted with small villages, 

 two of which, Katrah and El 

 Mughar, stood on a ridge which the 

 Turks had fortified, and was the 

 centre of the fighting. The Scots 

 and yeomen got on the ridge, but 

 twice were repulsed. Charging a 

 third time, and assisted by W. of 

 England infantry and other yeo- 

 manry, they took both villages, 

 capturing 1,100 prisoners. After 

 losing El Mughar the Turks 

 abandoned the junction station, 

 and the British occupied it on 

 Nov. 14. See Palestine, Conquest of. 



El Mugheir. Village of Pales- 

 tine. It lies slightly W. of the 

 Jordan, 17 m. N. of Jericho. 

 British and Indian troops occupied 

 it Sept. 19, 1918. See Palestine, 

 Conquest of. 



El Obeid. Town of the Anglo - 

 Egyptian Sudan, capital of the 

 prov. of Kordofan. It is the ter- 

 minus of the Kordofan extension 

 of the Sudan government rlys. 

 (completed 1911), and is situated 

 about 160 m. by road W. of the 

 Nile and 430 m. by rly. S.W. of 

 Khartum. A primary school where 

 English is taught has been opened 

 here. The pop. fluctuates, but 

 the normal figure is about 12,000. 



Elobey. Two small islands, 

 called Great and Little, off the 

 mouth of the Gabun river, W. 

 coast of Africa, belonging to Spain. 

 Great Elobey is covered with bush, 

 and has an area of sq. m. The 

 area of Little Elobey is 36 acres. 

 The islands are under the control of 

 a sub-governor, who is responsible 

 to the governor-general resident at 

 Santa Isabel on the island of Fer- 

 nando Po. Pop., Gt. Elobey, 123 ; 

 Little Elobey, 222, mostly of the 

 Benga tribe. 



Elocution (Lat. eloqui, to speak 

 out). The art of effective public 

 speaking. In classical times it in- 

 cluded oratory, but now refers 

 solely to the method and manner 

 of delivery, the right study of 

 which includes breath control, 

 voice production, articulation, pro- 

 nunciation, and expression. 



Breath is the motive power of 



