EMBRUN 



EMBRYO 



time in embroidering scenes from 

 Scripture, history and legend, or 

 decorating banners with the family 

 devices. The reputation of Queen 

 Matilda was equalled by Catherine 

 of Aragon, Bess of Hardwick, 

 countess of Shrewsbury, and Mary 

 Queen of Scots, who used to work 

 at her embroidery all day long until 

 very pain caused her to give it 

 up. At that time the elaborate 

 embroidery on ecclesiastical vest 

 ments was extended to secular 

 dresses and furniture, and cross 

 stitch or petit point came into use 

 for panels and cushions. Magnifi 

 cent bed-curtains ornamented with 

 trees and large leaves full of elabor 

 ate detail were made in the Jaco 

 bean period, while that of Charles 1 

 is characterised by the highly 

 raised style known as " stump 

 work." A return to simplicity in 

 the early 18th century is seen in the 

 powderings of natural flowers 

 worked in chain-stitch on a light 

 ground, and many beautiful sam- 

 plers of the period yet remain 

 Under the Hanoverian kings, the 

 highly ornate court dresses afforded 

 excellent opportunity for the art of 

 the needle, and the upholstered 

 chairs were covered with cross- and 

 tent-stitch work. Later the art 

 sank to a low ebb in copying prints 

 in black and white and slavish 

 imitations of paintings, but the pre 

 Raphaelite movement, the revela- 

 tion of Japanese art, and the study 

 of Eastern examples have restored 

 embroidery to a very high level. 



5 6 7 



Embroidery. Stitches in common use. 1. Buttonhole. 2. Long and short 

 stitches. 3 and 4. Satin. 5. Chain. 6. Eastern or Oriental. 7. Back stitch. 

 8. Working diagram of cnt work shown complete in 9 



There are many kinds of embroi- 

 dery, such as cut-work, applique, 

 couching, quilting, etc., while the 

 principal stitches are chain, feather, 

 satin, cushion, comb, cross, tent, 

 lace, long-and-short, back, herring- 

 bone, buttonhole, and many East- 

 ern Stitches. W. G. Thomson 



Bibliography. Needlework as Art, 

 M. M. Alford, 1886 ; La Broderie du 

 Xle Siecle jusqu' a nos Jours, L. de 

 Farcy, 1890-1900; English Embroi- 

 dery, A. F. Kendrick, 1905 ; La Bro- 

 derie (Les Arts du Tissu), G. Migeon, 

 1909 ; Art in Needlework, F. Day 

 and M. Buckle, 4th ed. rev. 1914. 



Embrun. Town of France. It 

 stands above the Durance in the 

 department of Hautes Alpes, being 

 nearly 3,000 ft. high. Although a 

 small place it has much historic 

 interest. It was once the seat of 

 an archbishop, and its magnificent 

 cathedral, built in the 12th cen- 

 tury, remains. Dedicated to Notre 

 Dame, it has a fine tower and other 



features. The palace of the arch- 

 bishops is now used for public pur- 

 poses, and there is an old tower, a 

 relic of the fortifications which 

 were pulled down hi 1884. Pilgrims 

 visited Embrun in the Middle Ages 

 to venerate a picture of the Ma- 

 donna painted on the cathedral 

 door. A large Roman station, the 

 place became a bishopric soon after 

 300. The bishops (later arch- 

 bishops) were princes of the Empire 

 and rulers of an extensive territory. 

 The see was transferred to Gap in 

 1791. Pop of commune, 3,556. 



Embryo (Gr. en, in ; bryein, to 

 swell, teem with). Word used in 

 various meanings. In a general 

 sense it expresses an undeveloped 

 idea or conception, the initial stage 

 of anything. In biology it is the 

 living creature which develops it- 

 self in the egg or womb ; in botany, 

 that part of the seed from which 

 the plant is fojmed. 



Embroidery. Examples of artistic designs. Left, rose and leaves, illustrating bow the pattern traced on the clo** 

 is followed. Centre and right, willow pattern design showing finished work and original tracing 



