29OO 



ENDYMION 



including Rousseau, Grimm, Vol- 

 taire, Baron d'Holbach, and the 

 two editors. Several of the ency 

 clopedistes held advanced views 

 on political and social matters, 

 besides being sceptics with regard 

 to Christianity, and this was 

 reflected in much that they wrote. 

 The influence thus exerted by the 

 Encyclopedic upon the minds of 

 the educated classes helped to 

 ripen French public opinion in 

 favour of the Revolution. 



End. In place names, e.g. 

 Audley End, Crouch End, a small 

 suburb, or hamlet. Its older form 

 is endship, and this is used in this 

 sense by Bunyan and Defoe. 



Endecott, JOHN (1589-1665). 

 English colonial governor. Born 

 at Dorchester, Dorset, he sailed 

 to N. America 

 in 1628 and be- 

 came manager 

 of the Naum- 

 keag (now Sa- 

 lem) planta- 

 tion. Being 

 superseded by 

 John Wi n- 

 throp, he em- 

 ployed himself 

 in fighting the 

 Indians. I n 



1641 he was made deputy-governor 

 of Massachusetts and three years 

 later became governor, a post he 

 held with intervals until his death 

 at Boston, March 15, 1665. 



Endemic (Gr. endemos, native). 

 Term applied to infectious diseases 

 which are always more or less 

 present in certain localities, as dis- 

 tinguished from epidemic diseases 

 which may be widely prevalent at 

 one time and completely absent at 

 another. SeeDisease; Public Health. 

 En derby Land. Desolate tract 

 of Antarctica. It extends S. from 

 the Antarctic Circle. It was dis- 

 covered by John Biscoe in 1831, 

 who named it after his employers, 

 Enderby Brothers. 



Endive (Lat. intibus). Plant of 

 the same genus as chicory (q.v. ). 



Endocardium (Gr. endon, with- 

 in ; Icardia, heart). Smooth mem- 

 brane which lines the interior of the 

 chambers of the heart. Inflamma- 

 tion of this membrane is termed 

 endocarditis. See Heart ; Rheu- 

 matic Fever. 



Endogamy (Gr. endon, within ; 

 gamos, marriage). Primitive insti- 

 tution binding a man to marry 

 within his own social group only. 

 The best developed example is the 

 Hindu caste, with exogamous clans 

 or gotras. See Family ; Marriage. 

 Endogens (Gr. endon, within ; 

 gen, to produce). Name formerly 

 applied to the division of flower- 

 ing plants now known as mono- 

 cotyledons (q.v.). 



Endolymph (Gr. endon, within ; 

 Lat. lympha, water). Anatomical 

 term denoting the fluid which occu- 

 pies the interior of the membranous 

 labyrinth of the ear of higher 

 animals. See Ear. 



Endometritis (Gr. endon, with-, 

 in ; metra, womb). Inflammation 

 of the membrane lining the interior 

 of the uterus or womb. See Womb. 



Endor. Village of Palestine, 

 now known as Endur, about 6 m. 

 from Nazareth and close to Mt. 

 Tabor. It was the home of the 

 witch whom Saul consulted. 



Endorsement OK INDORSEMENT 

 (Lat. dorsum, back). Something 

 written on the back of a document. 

 It is used mainly for the signature 

 which must be put upon the back 

 of a cheque, bill of exchange, etc., 

 when it is passed from one person 

 to another. The endorsement must 

 correspond with the name on the 

 front or it will be irregular. By en- 

 dorsing the owner of the cheque or 

 bill transfers his rights to another. 



Endosperm (Gr. endon, within ; 

 sperma, seed). Tissue found in the 

 spores of ferns and their allies and 

 in the seeds of many flowering 

 plants. In the pines (Gymno- 

 sperms) the endosperm is formed 

 before the embryo comes into exis- 

 tence ; in the flowering plants pro- 

 per (Angiosperms) embryo and 

 endosperm are formed simultane- 

 ously. If a longitudinal section is 

 made of a ripe pine-seed, for ex- 

 ample, the embryo will be found to 

 occupy a centra] cavity, surrounded 

 by a mass of cellular tissue. This 

 is the endosperm, which is gradu- 

 ally absorbed as food by the 

 developing embryo or seedling to 

 tide over the critical period in 

 which it is establishing its roots and 

 expanding its first leaves. 



Endothermic AND EXOTHERMIC 

 REACTION. Terms used in physics 

 for the liberation or absorption of 

 heat during chemical changes. It 

 is important to know in any parti- 

 cular chemical reaction what kind 

 of heat phenomena arise and what 

 amount of heat is transferred, as 



will be liberated. The formation 

 of nitro-glycerine is an example 

 of an operation in which heat 

 disappears, to be liberated again 

 should the nitro-glycerine be de- 

 composed, often with great vio- 

 lence. On the other hand, where, 

 in forming a new compound, heat is 

 liberated, the reaction is said to be 

 exothermic, i.e. heat is given out. 

 The reduction of iron in the blast 

 furnace furnishes an example of 

 such reaction. 



Endowment (Lat. dos, a dowry 

 or gift). Gift of money or land to 

 which the idea of permanence is 

 attached. Such indicate the vast 

 amounts that have been given or 

 bequeathed for the support of 

 churches, colleges, schools, hos- 

 pitals, and charitable institutions 

 of all kinds. In the United King- 

 dom ancient endowments are under 

 the general control of the state, 

 acting through bodies appointed to 

 supervise them. Such are the Ec- 

 clesiastical, or Church Estates Com- 

 mission that controls the endow- 

 ments of the Church of England, 

 and the Charity Commission that 

 controls funds left for almshouses, 

 hospitals, and the like. Endowed 

 schools are under the supervision 

 of the board of education. The 

 process of time frequently makes 

 trusts governing old endowments 

 quite out of keeping with the age, 

 and from time to time Parliament 

 has dealt with the matter. Thus 

 the Endowed Schools Acts of 1869- 

 74 removed many abuses and en- 

 abled these trusts to be worked in a 

 more modern spirit. See University. 



Endurance. Sir Ernest Shackle- 

 ton'sshipinhissecond Antarctic ex- 

 pedition. S he left England in 1 9 1 4 

 j us t after the Great War had begun, 

 and was crushed in the ice, Oct., 

 1915. See Antarctic Exploration. 



Endymion. In Greek mytho- 

 logy, a youthful shepherd of great 

 beauty. Of him the moon-goddess 

 Selene became enamoured, as he 

 lay asleep on Mt. Latinos in Caria. 

 Selene caused him to sleep for ever, 

 so that she might be able to visit 



the possibility of a suggested indus- him and kiss him every night with- 



trial process or its economy may be 



determined b y 



these considera- 



tions. 



When heat is 

 absorbed or dis- 

 appears during 

 the production of 

 a chemical com- 

 pound, the reac- 

 tion is said to be 

 eridothermic, for 

 heat enters into 

 the new body, and 

 if the new body 

 be subsequently 

 decomposed, heat 



Endy 



Greek statue of the sleeping shepherd, in 

 the British Museum 



