ERIE CANAL 



2963 



ERITREA 



trade by lake and rly. in coal, 

 iron, grain, and agricultural pro- 

 duce, Erie has ironworks, 

 machinery, paper, woollen, silk, 

 motor-car, and tobacco factories, 

 foundries, and chemical works. 

 Its chief buildings include the 

 court house, city hall, two cathe- 

 drals, arid a public library, and it 

 has several educational establish- 

 ments and benevolent institu- 

 tions. Founded on the site of the 

 old French fort of Presque Isle, 



Erinus. 



Roots, foliage, and flower 

 o! Erinus alpinus 



erected 1753, Erie's city charter 

 dates from 1851. In Aug., 1915, 

 the city was inundated by a cloud- 

 burst, when many people perished 

 and considerable Damage was done 

 to property. Pop. 76,590. 



Erie Canal. Largest artificial 

 waterway in the U.S. A. Extending 

 across New York State from 

 Buffalo to Albany, it communi- 

 cates between the Hudson river 

 and Lake Erie. Begun in 1816, 

 and completed in 1825, it has a 

 length of 361 m. Originally only 

 accessible to boats of 70 tons, 

 periodical alterations increased its 

 breadth to 70 ft. and its depth to 

 9 f t . , makin git navigable for vessels 

 of 250 tons. Vessels of 1,000 tons 

 can make its passage. For five 

 months in the yearnavigation is ob- 

 structed by ice. It serves Roches- 

 ter, Syracuse, Utica, and Troy. 



Erigena, JOHANNES SCOTUS (c. 

 810-877). Scottish philosopher 

 and theologian. He was a Scot 

 born in Ireland, which at the time 

 was called Greater Scotland, the 

 name Erigena (lerugena, Erugena, 

 Eriugena) probably meaning Irish- 

 born. About 840 he was summoned 

 by Charles the Bald to Paris, where 

 he became teacher at the court 

 school. Erigena attempts to com- 

 bine the neo-Platonist theory of 

 emanation with the Christian idea 

 of the Creation and the doctrine of 

 the Trinity, the result being a kind 

 of pantheism, the view that all 

 things are contained in God. Q 



Erin. Poetical name for Ireland. 

 It was popularised by Thomas 

 Moore's Irish Melodies, but is of 



much earlier origin. Philologists 

 assume an old Celtic form, Iveriu or 

 piveriu, probably meaning fertile 

 (c/. Gr. pi-on, fat), in old Irish 

 Eriu, in the declension of which 

 Erin, Erinn, appear. The Greek 

 name lerne = Iverne, the v being 

 preserved in the Latin Juverna or 

 Jubema, of which Hibernia (q.v.) 

 is another form. 



Erin go bragh. Irish phrase 

 meaning Ireland for Ever. Through 

 its association with Ireland's de- 

 mand for a freer and more inde- 

 pendent government it became 

 a party instead of an entirely na- 

 tional cry. It is widely used as an 

 expression of national sentiment, 

 equivalent to Scotland for Ever. 



Erinus. Genus of alpine herbs 

 of the natural order Scrophularia- 

 ceae. They are natives of W. 

 Europe. The spoon-shaped leaves, 

 which grow in a tuft, have their 

 broad ends boldly cut into about 

 five pointed teeth. The leafy stem 

 ends in a cluster of pretty rosy- 

 purple or yellow flowers. 



Erinyes. In Greek mythology, 

 older name of the Eumenides (q.v. ), 

 or tragic furies. 



Eriocaulaceae (Gr. erion, wool; 

 kautos, stalk). Natural order of 

 rush-like perennial marsh herbs. 

 Chiefly natives of the tropics, they 

 have slender, spongy leaves, and 

 minute flowers gathered into a 

 head. These flowers are either 

 male or female, the former having 

 two or three stamens and a rudi- 

 mentary ovary, the latter with 

 developed ovary and short style, 

 but no stamens. Pipe -wort 

 (Eriocaulon septangulare) of Euro- 

 pean lakes is typical of the order. 



Eriphyle. In Greek legend, 

 sister of Adrastus, king of Argos, 



Eris. In Greek mythology, 

 goddess of discord. Annoyed at 

 not being invited with the other 

 gods to the wedding-feast of 

 Peleus and Thetis, she threw a 

 golden apple into the midst of 

 the feast inscribed " For the 

 fairest." It was claimed by Hera, 

 Athena, and Aphrodite, and the 

 shepherd Paris (q.v.) had to decide. 

 Erith. Market town and urban 

 district of Kent. It stands on the 

 S. side of the Thames, 14 m. E. of 

 London, being a 

 station of the 

 S.E. & C. Rly. A 

 busy industrial 

 place, there are 

 large engineering 

 works, while other 

 industries are the 

 making of gun- 

 powder, glue, 

 manure, etc. Pleasure grounds 

 have been laid out along the river, 



Erith. The parish church of S. John the Baptist, founded 

 in the 12th or 13th century 



and wife of Amphiaraus. Before 

 he joined the expedition of the 

 Seven against Thebes, Amphiaraus 

 charged his son Alcmaeon to 

 murder his mother as soon as he 

 should hear of his father's death, 

 and in due course Alcmaeon 

 obeyed his behest. See Alcmaeon ; 

 Amphiaraus. 



Eriocaulaceae. 1. Leaf. 2. Male flower. 

 3. Entire plant. 4. Head of flower 



and the town is the headquarters 

 of several yachting clubs. The 

 chief church is that of S. John the 

 Baptist, which has 

 some interesting 

 brasses. Parts of 

 it date from the 

 12th or 13tb cen- 

 tury. Here is a 

 home for disabled 

 seamen. Erith has 

 an interesting his- 

 tory, as it was 

 made a borough 

 in the Middle Ages 

 and in the 17th 

 century was used 

 by the navy. 

 Changes deprived 

 it of both advan- 

 tages, but it be- 

 came an industrial centre in the 

 19th century. Pop. (1921) 31,568. 

 Eritrea. Italian colony situated 

 on the Red Sea. Its coast is about 

 670 m. long ; it is bounded N. and 

 W. by the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 

 S. and S.W. by Abyssinia, and on 

 the extreme S. by the French 

 Somali Coast Protectorate. Eritrea 



