ESCHSCHOLTZ BAY 



2971 



ESCUR1AL 



English and Scottish law, until it 

 was abolished in 1922. It applied 

 both to freehold and to copyhold 

 land. See Feudalism. 



Eschscholtz Bay. Inlet of Alas- 

 ka. An arm of Kotzebue Sound, 

 Bering Strait, near the Arctic Circle, 

 its name commemorates Johann 

 Friedrich Eschscholtz, the Russian 

 naturalist. 



Eschscholtzia. Botanical name 

 for the perennial herb Californian 

 poppy (q.v.). 



Eschwege. Town of Germany. 

 It stands on the Werra, 38 m. E.S.E. 

 of Cassel, in the Prussian prov. of 

 Hesse-Nassau. The old buildings 

 include a 14th century castle, re- 

 stored in 1581, and the tower of an 

 1 1 th century monastery. The indus - 

 tries include weaving and tanning. 

 The town was part of Hesse until 

 taken by Prussia after the war of 

 1866. Pop. 12,600. 



Eschweiler. Town of Germany, 

 in the Prussian Rhine prov. It is 

 on the Inde, 8 m. from Aix-la- 

 Chapelle, and stands on a large coal- 

 field. The chief industries are the 

 manufacture of iron, steel, zinc, and 

 copper goods ; also brewing, tan- 

 ning, etc. Pop. 24,718. 



Escombe, HAKRY (1838-99). 

 South African politician. Born July 

 25, 1838, and educated in Lon- 

 don, he emi- 

 grated to the 

 Cape in 1859 

 and joined the 

 commerci al 

 staff of The 

 Natal Mercury. 

 After some 

 time in busi- 

 ness, he became 

 a solicitor and 

 was elected to 

 the Legislative 



Harry Escombe, 

 S. African politician 



Lafayette 



Council of Natal. After a short 

 visit to England he returned to 

 Natal, fought through the Zulu 

 (1879) and Transvaal (1881) wars, 

 and defended Dinizulu successfully 

 against the charge of rebellion. In 

 1 893 he was made attorney-general 

 and devoted himself to developing 

 the commercial resources of the 

 colony. Elected premier in 1897, 

 at the same time being minister of 

 education and of defence, he came 

 to London for Queen Victoria's Dia- 

 mond Jubilee, and on his return re- 

 signed office. He died Dec. 27, 1899. 

 Escott, THOMAS HAY SWEET 

 (1844-1924). British journalist and 

 author Born at Taunton, he was 

 educated at 

 Bath and 

 Queen's College, 

 Oxford. Lectur- 

 er in logic and 

 deputy -profes- 

 sor of clapsical 

 literature at 

 King's College, 

 London, 1866- 

 73. he edited 

 The Fortnightly 

 Review, 1882- 

 86, was for many years leader writer 

 on The Standard, and became a 

 prolific writer on political and social 

 affairs. His numerous books include 

 England: its People, Polity, and 

 Pursuits, 1870: Social Transforma- 

 tions of the Victorian Age, 1897 ; 

 King Edward VII and his Court, 

 1903 ; The Story of British Di- 

 plomacy, 1908 ; monographs on 

 Lord Randolph Churchill, 1895, 

 and Anthony Trollope, 1913; 

 Masters of English Journalism, 

 1911 He died June 14, 1924. 



Escudo (Port., shield). Silver 

 coin, monetary unit of Portuguese 

 currency since May 22, 1911. 



T. H. Sweet Escott, 

 British journalist 



Russell 



Divided into 100 centavos, and of 

 nominal value 4s. 5d., it replaced 

 the old milreis gold piece ; 2, 5, 

 and 10 escudo pieces are minted in 

 gold, and 1,000 escudos form a 

 conto. The shield with the national 

 arms is on the obverse. In Spain, 

 a silver escudo, equal to 10 reals, 

 was used from 1864-68. In Chile, 

 since 1895, a gold escudo worth 5 

 pesas has circulated. 



Escurial (Span. Escorial), Pal- 

 ace and monastery of Spain, situ- 

 ated 26 m. N.W. of Madrid, on a 

 spur of the Guadarrama moun- 

 tains. It was designed for Philip 

 II of Spain by Juan Bautista de 

 Toledo, the first stone being laid 

 April 23, 1563. His pupil, Juan de 

 Herrera, carried on the work, 

 which was completed about 1582. 

 Philip dedicated the building to 

 S. Lorenzo, and intended it to 

 be a retreat to which he could 

 retire and meditate upon his own 

 end. With this idea, he ordered 

 that the structure should be of the 

 plainest character. 



It is built of grey granite, in the 

 severest Doric style. The plan is 

 that of an immense rectangle, 

 with a comparatively small rect- 

 angular wing, embodying the 

 Palace of the Infantas, projecting 

 beyond the E. side. The gloomy 

 severity of the exterior is emphatic. 

 The fa9ades are pierced by rows of 

 small square windows, each row 

 marking a storey. At each of 

 the four angles of the main struc- 

 ture is a tower 200 ft. in height ; 

 other towers rise above the roofs, 

 and there are four flanking the 

 great dome of the church. The 

 main entrance, in the centre of 

 the W. front, is severely Doric, in 

 keeping with the rest of the fa9ade. 

 The door itself is 20 ft. high by 12 



Escurial 



The palace and monastery, covering nearly 400,000 sa. it., seen from the north. In the centre is the greal 

 church, and the palace, college, and convent occupy parts of the surrounding buildings . - 



